’WPC²$ łģ_bfĒĆ/Šę.Šę.W'³=g ĘĀ$n%öĻ0Ō#¹ŒRR Ģ3øŌ!(N¢É˜j M²­™¤3{ ōL@H)&3‹Ųų¬ŹTĮZj¾ø]Īq¾~Ū_Õ^øZ ’^VYoņŚŪ-“ R†į»ĮF”(C€ ”Ā6d²ÄmƒvL¶+t¬P3ˆżķ7 ŠXŁ7%­QžU֍$óhNn<­‹o—č… ęÅįv·Ö<Šų ÜģÕČø"%0ź]:(u=®ˆ|fƧY4tl4åŹ¹Ż§QĆAˆw?8å:ķøLĘ®PcĆńå1j$z*ič€ ?æfq/׋†y«:ŗ)½ģ#P”ĮD|Z„šPå=ĻÉ8Å0c¤½æ³˜!µÓ¾aCļs®yr‹H!§Ō!3®± O¾×Däs±–65šhXIōMVńŪßĘĪTOV1ćēšZÅK aĶĮą_Ąį?žyE„Ūš±]kŽcœż¦0]ÓŖiśKœN¬$f‹½ā `ū>’Vt¶“ļ%®Óæ‡āx`~ż›ÄĀ·¤E嘍;äó”iˆ'€šAFž‡&™Ź*¼ģ•ĒBŖĄ€8s™W~'Ü;¬ą5 >™ĶĆčb %\^ b 0ˆnUNöwD4H\ zkŅå· m¹ mŠ 0D= ʁ ĘG Ę ĘÓ #É™NbUNdņ²E¤ė¦&‘‘‘Ä·Ē{1B4ssssssssssssssssb§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§ 0ėÆÆÆÆ Bš š 0¤· D3[! D-Ž! 0K»!»! AS"ĘY" 0¤# 0DĆ# A«$»J‚œ3  (`£Ŗ$””Ń€.ŃŃ8€½­»»d»»d8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  Ó(ķ€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular=€M3ź:i¢×+003|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt’U‹’ĄĄĄ cŻ ƒRäs$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś1Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōŗ)ņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌFor€ease€of€reference,€we€will€refer€to€the€children€in€the€same€manner€as€did€the€parties,€ņņi.e.óó,€š šJessicašš,Š ° Šš šTimothyšš€and€š šMicah.šš€€No€disrespect€is€intended€by€this€informal€approach.(#Ć$ņņŚ  Ś0Ś  ŚóóLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5˜HP LaserJet 4250 PCL 6ČČČČ0(ÖĆ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular čŻ ƒRäs$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś2Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōŗ)ņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌWe€say€š šin€an€appropriate€casešš€because€all€child€support€awards€and€modifications€of€same€are€subject€to€theŠ ° Šoverarching€concept€of€non„applicability€of€the€guidelines€in€the€event€the€imposition€of€those€provisions€would€beŠ tÄ Šš šunjust€or€inappropriate.šš€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€36„5„101(e)(1)(A)€(2005). įŻ ƒRäs$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś7Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōŗ)ņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌFather€testified€that€he€could€not€obtain€such€a€policy€because€the€children€did€not€live€with€him. unreimbursed ŗŻ ƒRäs$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś3Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōŗ)ņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌThe€Supreme€Court€has€contrasted€the€precise€nature€of€the€percentage€child€support€calculation€for€a€salariedŠ ° Šindividual€with€that€of€a€self„employed€obligor:Š tÄ ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąThese€guidelines,€when€applied€to€an€obligor€whose€income€is€derived€from€a€salaryŠ üL Šand€an€occasional€bonus€or€dividend,€yield€an€easily€Ō_ŌquantitatedŌ_Ō€child€supportŠ Ą Šamount.€€Once€the€Ō_ŌobligorŌ_Ōššs€income€has€been€determined€and€the€Child€SupportŠ „Ō ŠGuidelines€have€been€applied,€the€calculation€of€child€support€is€made€withŠ H ˜ Šcertainty,€predictability,€and€precision.Š \` x` x Šą8  ąą8` Š Š ąAlthough€achieving€such€precision€is€possible€when€calculating€child€support€owedŠ Š  Šby€a€salaried€obligor,€the€calculation€is€much€more€difficult€and€much€less€preciseŠ ” ä  Šwhen€the€obligor€is€self„employed.€€The€Child€Support€Guidelines€therefore€provideŠ X Ø  Ša€different€method€for€calculating€a€self„employed€Ō_ŌobligorŌ_Ōššs€income.€€In€the€self„Š  l  Šemployed€Ō_ŌobligorŌ_Ōššs€situation,€the€guidelines€require€the€trial€court€to€consider€allŠ ą 0  Šincome€of€the€obligor€parent,€reduced€only€by€reasonable€expenses€to€produce€theŠ ¤ō  Šincome.Šhø ` x` x Šņ ņņņTayloró óóó,€158€S.W.3d€352,€357„58€(internal€citation€omitted). ½Ż ƒRäs$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś4Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōŗ)ņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌSuch€expenses€are€likely€to€have€included€the€following:€payroll,€food,€interest,€property€taxes,€other€local€taxesŠ ° Šand€fees,€office€supplies,€building€supplies,€laundry,€repairs,€maintenance,€utilities,€travel,€printing,€advertising,€freight,Š tÄ Šand€office€expenses,€to€name€a€few. 'Ż ƒRäs$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś5Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōŗ)ņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌWe€do€not€understand€how€this€nebulous€statement€can€have€a€significant€bearing€on€Fatherššs€š šbottom€line,ššŠ ° Šņņi.e.óó,€his€ņņnet€óóincome. *Ż ƒRäs$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś6Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōŗ)ņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌThe€propriety€of€the€trial€courtššs€deletion€of€the€$200€per€month€add„on€for€Fatherššs€failure€to€visit€Micah€wasŠ ° Šnot€raised€as€an€issue€on€appeal.- ł-(|G2äs$¤¤Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€»»dd8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  Żą  ąņņŚ  Ś0Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōŗ)ņ»»Ō d(|3?\$££Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€»»dd8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  ŻVVVV'’’dxd)!ČČČČdxdx( ±ž$’’ņ ņFigure€Ś  Ś1Ś  Śó ó^_X`YEž’<<C’’ƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3?\$¢¢Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€»»dd8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  Ż($$””ņ ņŚ  Ś1Ś  Śó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8’’’’’’’’’’C’’ HKKKKŻ ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€»»ddČ8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  ŻŌ_ŌŃ  ŃŌ€¼»»»ŌŃ8€DŻXXdģ»»d8ŃŃ  Ńą@ü ü ģąŌ‡ī ī»¼ŌIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆŠ ° Šą@kk$ģąAT€NASHVILLEŌ#†¼»īī #ŌˆŠ Ö& ŠÓ  ÓOctober€10,€2005€SessionŠ üL ŠŌ‡XDŻX»¼ŌĢņ ņŌ#†¼»XXDŻõ#ŌRHONDA€FAY€Ō_ŌDEMONBREUNŌ_Ōņņóó€v.€RICHARD€AUSTIN€Ō_ŌDEMONBREUNŌ_ŌņņóóŌ‡XDŻX»¼Ōó óŠ śJ ŠĢą@@½½ģąņ ņ€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Davidson€CountyŠ ś J Šą@@ųųģąNo.€01D„642€€€€€€Walter€C.€Kurtz,€JudgeŠ ę 6 ŠĢĢą@@ģģ*ģąßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` Aߊ Ŗś  ŠĢą@@TTģąNo.€M2004„02105„Ō_ŌCOAŌ_Ō„R3„CV€„€Filed€December€28,€Ō_Ō2005Ō_Ō€Š „õ  ŠĢßA€V) °°` dE<|` Aߊ }Ķ  Šó óĢÓ  ÓIn€this€post„divorce€case,€Richard€Austin€Ō_ŌDemonbreunŌ_Ō€(š šFatheršš),€filed€a€petition€to€modify€theŠ xČ  Špartiesšš€visitation€arrangement,€seeking€additional€time€with€one€of€the€partiesšš€three€children.€Š d“ ŠRhonda€Fay€Ō_ŌDemonbreunŌ_Ō€(š šMotheršš),€the€primary€residential€parent€of€the€children,€countered€withŠ P  Ša€petition€requesting€an€increase€in€child€support€and€the€imposition€of€an€obligation€upon€Father€toŠ <Œ Špay€the€childrenššs€unreimbursed€medical€expenses.€€In€addition,€Mother€sought€one„half€of€theŠ (x Šrefund€associated€with€the€partiesšš€1998€income€tax€return,€and€an€award€of€her€attorneyššs€fees€andŠ d Šcourt€costs.€€Following€a€bench€trial,€the€trial€court€(1)€denied€Fatherššs€petition€to€modify€visitationŠ P Šwith€his€oldest€son;€(2)€increased€Fatherššs€child€support€obligation€and€his€share€of€non„coveredŠ ģ< Šmedical€expenses;€(3)€awarded€Mother€one„half€of€the€1998€income€tax€refund;€(4)€awarded€MotherŠ Ų( Š$5,000€in€attorneyššs€fees;€and€(5)€ordered€Father€to€pay€all€court€costs.€€Father€appeals€all€of€the€trialŠ Ä Šcourtššs€decrees,€and€Mother€seeks€an€award€of€attorneyššs€fees€for€the€filing€of€a€frivolous€appeal.€Š ° ŠWe€affirm€in€part€and€reverse€in€part,€but€do€not€find€this€appeal€to€be€frivolous€in€nature.Š œģ ŠÓüÓĢņ ņTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€CourtŠ tÄ ŠAffirmed€in€Part;€Reversed€in€Part;€Case€Remandedó óŠ `° ŠĢņņÓ  ÓŌ#†¼»ąXDŻ¹#ŌŌ‡XDŻX.¼ŌCharles€D.€Susano,€Jr.,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€ņņHerschel€P.€Franks,€Ō_ŌP.J.Ō_Ō,óóŠ 8!ˆ  Šand€ņņD.€Michael€Ō_ŌSwineyŌ_Ō,€J.óó,€joined.Š $"t! ŠĢRichard€Austin€Ō_ŌDemonbreunŌ_Ō,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€Pro€Se.Š ü#L# ŠĢRose€Palermo,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellee,€Rhonda€Fay€Ō_ŌDemonbreunŌ_Ō.Š Ō%$!% ŠĢĢĢĢĢĢĢÓĮ ÓŠ 4-„(-ż ŠŌ_Ōņ ņOPINIONó óŌ#†¼»XXDŻš #ŌŌ‡XDŻX»¼ŌŠ ° ŠĢņņóóŌ#†¼»XXDŻl#ŌŌ‡XDŻX»¼ŌÓ  ÓÓ  ÓI.Ō#†¼»XXDŻŹ#ŌŌ€XDŻX»¼ŌŠ ˆŲ ŠÓõÓĢą  ąThe€parties€were€married€on€August€13,€1994.€€At€the€time,€Father€was€an€attorney€in€privateŠ `° Špractice€and€Mother€was€employed€as€a€pharmacist.€€Shortly€after€their€marriage,€Father€adoptedŠ L œ ŠJessica€Lauren€Demonbreun€(DOB:€June€25,€1988),€Motherššs€minor€child€by€a€previous€marriage.€Š 8 ˆ ŠTwo€children€were€born€to€the€partiesšš€union,€Timothy€Austin€Demonbreun€(DOB:€July€25,€1997)Š $ t Šand€Micah€Steven€Demonbreun€(DOB:€April€24,€1999).׃ ׯ ƒ #ĆŻņņŚ  Ś1Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀Š  ` ŠĢą  ąDuring€the€partiesšš€marriage,€they€purchased€a€large,€old€home€in€Nashville,€which€theyŠ č 8  Ševentually€converted€into€a€bed€and€breakfast€known€as€the€š šTimothy€Demonbreun€House.šš€€In€orderŠ Ō$  Što€devote€more€time€to€their€new€venture,€Father€curtailed€his€law€practice€and€Mother€quit€her€job.€Š Ą  ŠFatherššs€law€practice€in€the€field€of€plaintiffššs€personal€injury€litigation€had€been€adversely€affected,Š ¬ü  Šand€severely€so,€by€limits€placed€on€direct€mail€solicitation€by€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court.Š ˜č  Šą  ąĢą  ąAfter€eight€years€of€marriage,€Mother€sought€and€was€awarded€an€absolute€divorce€fromŠ pĄ ŠFather.€€In€its€memorandum€opinion€in€the€divorce€case,€the€trial€court€made€the€following€findingsŠ \¬ Šwith€respect€to€the€custody€of€the€three€children:€Š H˜ ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąIn€considering€all€the€criteria€set€out€at€T.C.A.€šš€36„6„106,€the€CourtŠ  p Šgrants€[Mother]€custody€of€all€three€(3)€children.€€The€CourtŠ  \ Šspecifically€rejects€joint€legal€custody€as€not€being€in€the€best€interestsŠ ųH Šof€the€children.€€[Fatherššs]€attitude€toward€two€(2)€of€his€children€andŠ ä4 Šthe€partiesšš€inability€to€have€any€meaningful€communication€wouldŠ Š  Šmake€joint€custody€inappropriate€and€would€not€be€in€the€bestŠ ¼  Šinterests€of€the€children.ŠØų` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą[Father]ššs€visitation€is€difficult€to€resolve€because€of€his€disparateŠ €Š Štreatment€[of]€the€three€(3)€children€š!š€Jessica€(6/25/88),€TimothyŠ l¼ Š(7/25/97),€and€Micah€(4/24/99).ŠX Ø` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą[Father]€apparently€favors€Timothy,€has€exercised€his€visitation€withŠ 0"€  ŠTimothy,€and€seems€to€have€a€good€relationship€with€him.Š#l!` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąMicah€has€Downššs€syndrome.€€Even€though€[Father]€has€had€anŠ ō$D # Šopportunity€to€have€overnight€visitations€with€Micah,€he€has€notŠ ą%0!$ Šavailed€himself€of€that€opportunity€stating€that€since€his€house€[i.e,Š Ģ&"% Šthe€Timothy€Demonbreun€House]€is€not€š šchild€proof,šš€it€would€beŠ ø'#& Šdangerous€for€Micah€to€visit€and€it€would€be€difficult€for€him€to€runŠ ¤(ō#' Šhis€bed€and€breakfast€with€Micah€present.€€Even€when€picking€upŠ ° ŠTimothy€at€the€day€care€center,€[Father]€usually€spends€only€a€fewŠ œģ Šminutes€with€Micah.€€He€professes€love€for€Micah,€but€his€actionsŠ ˆŲ Šbelie€this€expression.€€At€the€trial€of€this€case,€he€again€reiterated€hisŠ tÄ Šlove€and€affection€for€Micah€and€the€Court€wishes€to€give€[Father]Š `° Ševery€opportunity€to€have€a€relationship€with€Micah.ŠL œ` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąJessica€is€the€natural€daughter€of€[Mother]€and€the€adopted€daughterŠ $ t Šof€[Father].€€At€present€their€relationship€is€estranged.€€[Father]€claimsŠ  ` Šthat€[Mother]€has€poisoned€Jessicaššs€attitude€toward€him€and€he€hasŠ ü L  Šnot€visited€with€Jessica€in€many€months.€€[Fatherššs]€response€to€hisŠ č 8  Šperceptions€of€Jessicaššs€attitude€has€been€an€effort€to€set€aside€theŠ Ō$  Šadoption.€€He€has€filed€several€pleadings€contending€that€the€adoptionŠ Ą  Šwas€procured€by€fraud€and€that€this€Court€should€act€to€set€aside€theŠ ¬ü  Šadoption.€€He€has€wanted€to€repudiate€his€relationship€as€father€ofŠ ˜č  ŠJessica.€€He€explained€that€he€took€this€action€because€his€wife€wouldŠ „Ō  Šnot€allow€him€a€relationship€with€Jessica.€€If€[Fatherššs]€allegationsŠ pĄ Šabout€[Mother]€are€true,€he€could€well€have€requested€the€aid€of€theŠ \¬ ŠCourt€in€insuring€visitation€with€Jessica.€€His€immature€response€wasŠ H˜ Što€completely€turn€his€back€on€Jessica€and€attempt€to€negate€theŠ 4„ Šadoption.€€At€the€final€hearing,€he€professed€some€remorse€for€thisŠ  p Šprior€action€and€now€says€he€wants€to€reestablish€a€relationship€withŠ  \ ŠJessica.€€ŠųH` x` x ŠĢÓ  Ó*€*€*Š Š  ŠÓa#ÓĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą[Fatherššs]€professed€commitment€to€his€business€and€his€stated€lackŠ Øų Šof€time€and€inappropriate€location€which€has€caused€him€to€all€butŠ ”ä Šexclude€Micah€from€his€life€while€continuing€to€devote€time€andŠ €Š Šattention€to€Timothy€have€not€impressed€the€Court€as€actions€of€aŠ l¼ Šcommitted€and€loving€parent.€€One€has€to€question€why€a€parentŠ X Ø Šwould€make€voluntary€decisions€about€his€vocation€which€wouldŠ D!” Šdrastically€limit€his€available€time€with€a€son€suffering€from€DownššsŠ 0"€  Šsyndrome€while,€at€the€same€time,€not€limiting€time€with€another€son.€Š #l! ŠUntil€[Father]€shows€full€parental€commitment€to€Micah,€the€CourtŠ $X" Šwill€continue€to€doubt€his€competence€as€a€responsible€parent.Šō$D #` x` x ŠĢ(Paragraph€lettering€in€original€omitted).€€The€court€ordered€Father€to€pay€child€support€in€theŠ Ģ&"% Šamount€of€$2,000€per€month;€ordered€the€parties€to€equally€divide€the€cost€of€all€of€the€childrenššsŠ ø'#& Šmedical€and€dental€expenses€not€covered€by€insurance;€ordered€Father€to€obtain€a€supplementalŠ ¤(ō#' Šhealth€insurance€policy€covering€the€children;€and€ordered€Father€to€pay€$6,500€toward€MotherššsŠ )ą$( Šattorneyššs€fees.€€Because€of€Fatherššs€propensity€not€to€exercise€visitation€with€Micah,€the€trial€courtŠ |*Ģ%) Šordered€that€Father€pay€an€additional€$100€in€child€support€for€each€weekend€and€holiday€under€theŠ h+ø&* Šparenting€plan€that€he€does€not€spend€with€Micah,€ņņi.e.óó,€effectively,€an€additional€$200€of€childŠ ° Šsupport€per€month.€€The€final€judgment€of€divorce€was€entered€on€July€3,€2002.Š œģ ŠĢą  ąOn€February€18,€2004,€Father€filed€a€petition€to€modify€the€trial€courtššs€divorce€judgment,Š tÄ Šrequesting,€ņņinter€aliaóó,€increased€visitation€time€with€Timothy.€€Mother€filed€a€counter„petition,Š `° Šrequesting€an€increase€in€child€support€and€an€increase€in€Fatherššs€contribution€toward€the€childrenššsŠ L œ Šnon„covered€medical€expenses;€an€award€of€one„half€of€the€partiesšš€1998€federal€income€tax€refund;Š 8 ˆ Šand€an€award€of€fees€and€court€costs.€Š $ t ŠĢą  ąFollowing€a€hearing€on€June€15,€2004,€the€trial€court€announced€its€ruling€from€the€bench,Š ü L  Šnoting,€in€pertinent€part,€as€follows:Š č 8  ŠĢŌ‡XDŻXXXDŻŌą8  ąą8` Š Š ąI€do€want€to€return€to€my€memorandum€[opinion€from€the€divorceŠ Ą  Šproceeding]€of€June€2002€because€thereššs€š!š€thereššs€a€paragraph€š!š€IŠ ¬ü  Šknow€this€is€part€of€the€record,€but€I€think€this€š!š€this€particularŠ ˜č  Šparagraph€needs€to€be€repeated€because€I€donššt€think€thereššs€been€anyŠ „Ō  Šchange€in€this€in€24€months,€and€itššs€perhaps€the€most€salient€factŠ pĄ Šhere€impacting€the€Courtššs€decision.Š\¬` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą[š šFatherššs]€professed€Ō#†XDŻXXXDŻæ-#Ōcommitment€to€his€business€and€his€stated€lackŠ 4„ Šof€time€and€inappropriate€location€which€has€caused€him€to€all€butŠ  p Šexclude€Micah€from€his€life€while€continuing€to€devote€time€andŠ  \ Šattention€to€Timothy€has€not€impressed€the€Court€as€actions€of€aŠ ųH Šcommitted€and€loving€parent.€€One€has€to€question€why€a€parentŠ ä4 Šwould€make€voluntary€decisions€about€his€vocation€which€wouldŠ Š  Šdrastically€limit€his€available€time€with€his€son€suffering€fromŠ ¼  ŠDownššs€syndrome€while€at€the€same€time€not€limiting€time€withŠ Øų Šanother€son.€€Until€[Father]€shows€full€parental€commitment€toŠ ”ä ŠMicah,€the€Court€will€continue€to€doubt€his€competence€as€aŠ €Š Šresponsible€parent.[šš]€It€š!š€I€mean,€itššs€really€of€note€here€that€thisŠ l¼ Špetition€asks€for€additional€time,€overnight€visitation€with€Timothy,Š X Ø Šand€yet€asks€no€modification€that€would€affect€his€ability€to€haveŠ D!” Šovernight€visitation€with€Micah€while€by€his€own€testimony€he€hasnšštŠ 0"€  Šhad€an€overnight€visitation€with€Micah€since€late€summer€of€šš03,€andŠ #l! Šaccording€to€[Mother]€thatššs€not€even€accurate;€it€really€didnššt€happenŠ $X" Šfor€3€1/2€years,€but€I€wonššt€š!š€I€wonššt€resolve€that€dis€š!š€or€I€wonšštŠ ō$D # Šmake€that€credibility€call.€€Letššs€give€[Father]€the€benefit€of€the€doubt;Š ą%0!$ Šhe€hasnššt€had€overnight€visitation€with€Micah€since€the€summer€ofŠ Ģ&"% Ššš03.Šø'#&` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąWell,€since€š!š€there€š!š€thereššs€another€interesting€š!š€in€š!š€in€[Fatherššs]Š )ą$( Šlong€testimony,€and€I€donššt€fault€him€making€š!š€as€a€š!š€as€a€witness,€heŠ |*Ģ%) Šdidnššt€have€a€lawyer,€so€he€really€has€no€option€but€to€engage€in€aŠ h+ø&* Škind€of€stream€of€consciousness.€€But€in€that€stream€of€consciousness,Š ° Šhe€was€discussing€his€various€businesses,€his€law€practice,€bed€andŠ œģ Šbreakfast,€catering,€special€events€venue,€and€he€did€say€that€š!š€youŠ ˆŲ Šknow,€he€š!š€he€hesitated€to€go€back€to€being€a€full„time€lawyerŠ tÄ Šbecause€heššd€have€š!š€even€have€less€time€to€spend€with€his€childrenŠ `° Šbecause€it€would€be€extremely€š!š€heššd€be€extremely€busy€as€a€lawyer.€Š L œ ŠBut€I€would€note€that,€you€know,€even€busy€lawyers€usually€have€theŠ 8 ˆ Šweekends€off.€€And€his€problem,€his€expressed€problem€in€visitingŠ $ t Šwith€Micah€is€his€commitments€on€the€weekend.Š `` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąWell,€let€me€turn€first€to€the€request€for€visitation€for€Timothy,€andŠ č 8  ŠIššm€going€to€deny€that€petition€because€at€this€point€it€strikes€me€thatŠ Ō$  Šif€[Father]€is€going€to€commit€additional€parental€time€and€resources,Š Ą  Šitššs€got€to€be€for€Micah.€€And€until€he€begins€to€fill€the€void€of€MicahŠ ¬ü  Šfor€a€š!š€for€a€father,€I€donššt€need€to€tinker€with€the€visitation€forŠ ˜č  ŠTimothy,€I€guess€subscribing€to€the€old€adage€youššve€got€to€walkŠ „Ō  Šbefore€you€can€run.ŠpĄ` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąI€will,€however,€grant€his€oral€request€to€modify€his€visitation€withŠ H˜ ŠMicah.€€And€letššs€start€this€way.€€Twice€a€month€he€can€haveŠ 4„ Šovernight€visitations€with€Micah€on€either€a€Tuesday€or€WednesdayŠ  p Šnight,€and€all€he€has€to€do€is€give€notice€to€[Mother]€on€Sunday€nightŠ  \ Šthe€Sunday€before,€saying,€š šI€wish€to€exercise€overnight€visitation€onŠ ųH ŠTuesday€or€Wednesday.šš€€And€he€can€exercise€that€option€twice€in€aŠ ä4 Šmonth,€and€weššll€have€that€begin€July€1,€and€weššll€see€how€thatŠ Š  Šworks.€€And€if€š!š€if€he€can€get€off€his€feet€and€begin€to€get€someŠ ¼  Švisitation€with€Micah,€to€begin€to€establish€a€real€relationship€withŠ Øų ŠMicah,€then€I€would€certainly€consider,€down€the€road,€expanding€hisŠ ”ä Švisitation€with€Timothy.€€But€right€now,€as€far€as€the€Court€isŠ €Š Šconcerned,€in€the€best€interest€of€these€children€and€[Fatherššs]Š l¼ Šexpressed€love€of€both€š!š€both€his€sons€and€his€daughter€š!š€I€mean,€heŠ X Ø Šš!š€he€needs€to€modify€his€schedule€as€much€as€he€can€to€spend€someŠ D!” Štime€with€š!š€with€Micah,€and€so€that€would€be€my€judgment€on€this€š!šŠ 0"€  Šthis€issue.€€Š#l!` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąOn€the€issue€of€the€medical€expenses,€the€parental€plan,€which€wasŠ ō$D # Šincorporated€into€the€final€decree,€contemplated€[Father]€beingŠ ą%0!$ Šresponsible€for€medical€expenses€over€and€above€that€paid€byŠ Ģ&"% Š[Motherššs]€insurance€policy€by€procuring€a€policy€of€his€own€for€theŠ ø'#& Šexcess.€€He€says€he€canššt€do€that,€and€I€donššt€have€any€proof€here€toŠ ¤(ō#' Šindicate€otherwise,€but€I€think,€given€the€contemplation€that€he€wouldŠ )ą$( Šhave€that€policy€and€he€doesnššt,€that€itššs€equitable€to€modify€the€finalŠ |*Ģ%) Šdecree€to€say€that€he€is€responsible€for€two„thirds€of€the€medicalŠ h+ø&* Šexpenses€over€that€covered€by€[Motherššs]€insurance,€and€that€heššsŠ ° Šrelieved€of€š!š€given€that€order,€weššll€amend€out€the€provision€thatŠ œģ Šrequires€him€to€get€insurance,€which€he€says€he€canššt.€€And€I€also€noteŠ ˆŲ Šthat€š šmedical€expensesšš€is€defined€in€the€parenting€plan,€and€IššllŠ tÄ Šadhere€to€that€definition,€and€it€includes€mental,€dental,€orthodontic,Š `° Šand€eye€care,€and€prescription€drugs,€so€that€will€be€a€modification€ofŠ L œ Šthat€provision.Š8 ˆ` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąAs€far€as€the€IRS€check€is€š!š€I€mean,€[Mother]€did€not€learn€about€theŠ  ` ŠIRS€check€till€months€after€the€divorce.€€It€seems€to€the€Court€that€itššsŠ ü L  Šmarital€property.€.€.€.€We€have€a€joint€check€and€for€the€life€of€me€IŠ č 8  Šcanššt€imagine€how€the€š!š€the€bank€negotiated€the€check€withoutŠ Ō$  Š[Motherššs]€signature€on€it,€but€that€appears€to€be€the€case.ŠĄ ` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąBut€consistent€with€the€decision€I€made€in€[a€previous€case],€I€think€Š ˜č  Šš!š€and€consistent€with€principles€of€equity€š!š€[Mother]€is€entitled€toŠ „Ō  Š$1,600.€€And€part€of€that€division€comes€from€this€judgeššs€view€of€theŠ pĄ Šunauthorized€cashing€of€that€check€made€out€to€both€of€them,€so€IššmŠ \¬ Šgoing€to€grant€her€a€judgment€of€$1,600€based€upon€that€unauthorizedŠ H˜ Šcashing€of€that€š!š€of€that€check,€which€has€got€to€be€defined€as€maritalŠ 4„ Šproperty.€€Now,€granted,€just€like€in€[a€previous€case],€[Fatherššs]€gotŠ  p Ša€case€that€if€the€matter€had€gotten€to€court,€perhaps€he€should€haveŠ  \ Šbeen€the€beneficiary€of€the€amount,€but€he€decided€to€take€that€on€hisŠ ųH Šown€shoulders.Šä4` x` x ŠĢÓ  Ó*€*€*Š ¼  ŠÓZNÓĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąNow,€let€me€go€back€to€one€matter€about€Micah.€€It€seems€to€me€inŠ ”ä Šaddition€to€the€visitation€that€Iššve€granted€with€Micah€that€if€[Father]Š €Š Šwants€to€sort€of€I€guess€youššd€say€take€Micah€out€of€the€day€careŠ l¼ Šfacility,€I€think€he€should€be€allowed€to€do€this€up€to€four€times€aŠ X Ø Šmonth,€as€long€as€itššs€coordinated€with€the€facility;€so€that€if€he€getsŠ D!” Ša€spare€couple€of€hours€in€the€afternoon€and€he€calls€down€there€andŠ 0"€  Šthereššs€not€any€planned€activity€and€he€can€drive€down€there€and€takeŠ #l! ŠMicah€out,€I€think€thatššs€okay;€and€it€ought€to€be€authorized,€and€IššllŠ $X" Štrust€him€to€call€ahead€and€just€make€sure€that€it€doesnššt€interfere€withŠ ō$D # Šany€planned€activity.Šą%0!$` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąChild€support.€€You€know,€this€issue€of€determining€income€for€theŠ ø'#& Šself„employed€is€difficult,€and€the€case€law€recognizes€that€difficulty;Š ¤(ō#' Šbut€I€think€by€[Fatherššs]€own€admission,€while€granted€this€is€a€š!š€aŠ )ą$( Šsort€of€a€rough€calculation€and€it€almost€has€to€be€a€rough€calculation,Š |*Ģ%) Šbut€I€think€he€conceded€in€his€testimony€that€his€gross€income€hasŠ h+ø&* Šincreased€since€2002,€and€heššs€explained€about€the€$89,000€in€wages,Š ° Šthe€$90,000€a€year€in€mortgage€payments,€the€$120,000€a€year€inŠ œģ Šother€expenses€between€eight€or€ten€thousand€dollars,€and€I€realizeŠ ˆŲ Šanybody€who€runs€a€small€business€has€to€make€other€permanentŠ tÄ Šnonroutine€payments.€€But€still€by€his€own€admission€in€the€e„mail,Š `° Šitššs€š!š€š šIt€is€apparent€now€that€business€and€cash€flow€are€sufficient€toŠ L œ Šsustain€growth,€so€I€can€now€begin€to€pay€others€to€do€many€of€theŠ 8 ˆ Šthings€Iššve€been€forced€to€do€the€past€three€years.€€Iššm€also€beginningŠ $ t Što€advertise€and€campaign€regarding€my€law€practice,€which€shouldŠ  ` Šserve€to€reestablish€it€so€that€I€can€once€again€enjoy€what€I€wasŠ ü L  Šeducated€to€do.šš€€So€I€š!š€I€can€conclude€as€a€matter€of€fact€that€he€hasŠ č 8  Šhad€an€increase€in€his€financial€fortunes€and€an€increase€in€hisŠ Ō$  Šavailable€funds.ŠĄ ` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąNow€let€me€turn€to€another€factor.€€I€mean,€when€this€order€wasŠ ˜č  Šentered€in€June€2002,€I€mean,€I€was€aware€that,€you€know,€Micah€wasŠ „Ō  Ša€child€that€took€a€lot€of€extra€care.€€Thatššs€not€only€extra€emotionalŠ pĄ Šcare,€an€extra€commitment€by€especially€[Mother],€but,€obviously,€anŠ \¬ Šadditional€financial€strain€by€what€she€is€required€to€do.€€And€I€didŠ H˜ Šhave€an€expectation€that€[Father]€would€exercise€his€visitation€to€atŠ 4„ Šleast€a€much€greater€degree€than€he€did€as€set€out€in€the€final€decree,Š  p Šand€he€has€not€done€that.€€The€š!š€I€mean,€gosh,€I€donššt€know€how€toŠ  \ Šput€a€percentage€on€it,€but€it€would€seem€to€be€that€95€percent€of€theŠ ųH Šresponsibility€š!š€gosh,€maybe€more€š!š€for€Micah€is€on€her€shoulders.€Š ä4 ŠThe€child€support€guidelines,€you€know,€contemplate€reasonableŠ Š  Švisitation€because€when€you€visit€with€someone,€you€accept€someŠ ¼  Šliving€expenses,€but€that€hasnššt€happened€here.ŠØų` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąI€think€taking€into€consideration€the€almost€100€percent€obligation€ofŠ €Š Šcare€placed€on€her€for€Micah,€the€fact€that€[Fatherššs]€financialŠ l¼ Šcondition€has€improved,€and€recognizing€the€vagaries€involved€inŠ X Ø Šdetermining€exactitude€when€youššre€š!š€when€youššre€dealing€withŠ D!” Šsomebody€who€is€self„employed,€which€is€recognized€in€the€case€law,Š 0"€  Šthat€a€child€support€increase€of€$500€per€month€here€is€warranted.Š#l!` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąNow,€the€$200€nonvisitation€penalty€is€š!š€I€guess,€Iššm€calling€it€thatŠ ō$D # Šfor€lack€of€anything€else€š!š€is€set€aside,€so€the€monthly€child€supportŠ ą%0!$ Špayment€will€be€increased€to€$2,500.€€And€I€think€under€all€theŠ Ģ&"% Šcircumstances,€thatššs€consistent€with€the€principles€of€equity;€and€itššsŠ ø'#& Šconsistent€with€the€child€support€guidelines€based€upon€theŠ ¤(ō#' Šinformation€I€have€available€to€me.€€I€also€think€that€under€theseŠ )ą$( Šcircumstances€[Mother]€is€entitled€to€an€attorney€fee€in€the€amount€ofŠ |*Ģ%) Š$5,000,€and€that€š!š€thatššs€the€judgment€of€the€Court,€.€.€.€.Šh+ø&*` x` x Š‡The€trial€court€subsequently€entered€its€final€judgment.€€It€was€consistent€with€the€memorandumŠ ° Šopinion.€€From€this€judgment,€Father€appeals.€€€ą  ąŠ œģ ŠĢÓ  ÓII.Š tÄ ŠĢÓcÓą  ąOur€review€of€this€non„jury€case€is€ņņde€novoóó€upon€the€record€with€a€presumption€of€correctnessŠ L œ Šas€to€the€trial€courtššs€factual€findings,€š šunless€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence€is€otherwise.šš€Š 8 ˆ ŠTenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(d).€€The€trial€courtššs€conclusions€of€law€are€not€accorded€the€same€deference.€Š $ t Šņņņ ņBrumit€v.€Brumitó óóó,€948€S.W.2d€739,€740€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997).Š  ` ŠĢÓ  ÓIII.Š č 8  ŠÓ$eÓĢÓ  ÓA.Š Ą  ŠÓZeÓĢą  ąFather€raises€the€following€issues€for€our€review:Š ˜č  ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą1.€Did€the€trial€court€err€in€ordering€an€increase€in€Fatherššs€childŠ pĄ Šsupport€obligation?Š\¬` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą2.€€Did€the€trial€court€abuse€its€discretion€in€ordering€Father€to€pay€allŠ 4„ Šcourt€costs€and€Motherššs€attorneyššs€fees?Š p` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą3.€Did€the€trial€court€err€in€increasing€Fatherššs€obligation€for€non„Š ųH Šcovered€medical€expenses?Šä4` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą4.€Did€the€trial€court€err€in€awarding€Mother€one„half€of€the€partiesššŠ ¼  Š2002€income€tax€return?ŠØų` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą5.€Did€the€trial€court€err€in€refusing€to€award€Father€additionalŠ €Š Švisitation€time€with€Timothy?Šl¼` x` x ŠĢMother,€on€the€other€hand,€urges€us€to€hold€that€Fatherššs€appeal€is€frivolous€in€nature.€€She€seeks€anŠ D!” Šaward€of€attorneyššs€fees€for€a€frivolous€appeal.€€We€will€address€each€of€these€issues€in€turn.Š 0"€  ŠĢÓ  ÓB.Š $X" ŠÓsjÓĢą  ąFather€first€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€increasing€his€basic€child€support€obligationŠ ą%0!$ Šfrom€$2,000€per€month€to€$2,500€per€month.€€We€agree€with€this€contention.Š Ģ&"% Šā āŠ ø'#& Šą  ąWhen€a€petition€to€modify€child€support€is€filed€based€upon€a€change€in€an€obligorššs€netŠ ° Šincome,€a€trial€court,€in€an€appropriate€case,׃ׯ ƒ #ĆŻņņŚ  Ś2Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀can€order€an€increase€or€decrease€in€support€š šwhenŠ œģ Šā āthere€is€found€to€be€a€significant€variance,€as€defined€in€the€child€support€guidelines€.€.€.,€between€theŠ ˆŲ Šguidelines€and€the€amount€of€support€currently€ordered.šš€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€36„5„101(a)(1)(A)Š tÄ Š(Supp.€2004).€€The€child€support€guidelines€define€a€significant€variance€as€š šat€least€15%€if€theŠ `° Šcurrent€support€is€one€hundred€dollars€($100.00)€or€greater€per€month€.€.€.€.šš€€Tenn.€Comp.€R.€&Š L œ ŠRegs.,€ch.€1240„2„4„.02(3)€(2003).€€The€party€seeking€the€modification€of€the€child€support€order€hasŠ 8 ˆ Šthe€burden€of€proving€the€existence€of€a€significant€variance.€€ņņSee€ņ ņTurner€v.€Turneró óóó,€919€S.W.2dŠ $ t Š340,€345€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1995);€ņ ņņņSeal€v.€Sealó óóó,€802€S.W.2d€617,€620€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1990).Š  ` ŠĢą  ąFather€is€a€sole€proprietor,€ņņi.e.óó,€the€self„employed€owner€of€a€law€practice€and€a€bed€andŠ č 8  Šbreakfast€facility.€€Mother€essentially€bases€her€request€for€more€child€support€on€Fatherššs€2003Š Ō$  Šņņgrossóó€income€of€$500,000€and€an€email€he€sent€her€indicating€that€his€š šbusiness€and€cash€flow€areŠ Ą  Šsufficient€to€sustain€growth.šš€€Mother€takes€the€position€that€all€of€this€shows€that€there€has€been€aŠ ¬ü  Šš šsignificant€variance,šš€as€defined€in€the€guidelines.€€€The€trial€court€tacitly€agreed€with€Mother€thatŠ ˜č  Šthere€had€been€the€necessary€predicate€showing€to€justify€another€look€at€Fatherššs€child€supportŠ „Ō  Šobligation.€€We€respectfully€disagree€with€this€conclusion.Š pĄ ŠĢą  ąš š[T]he€child€support€award€is€based€on€a€flat€percentage€of€the€obligorššs€ņņnetóó€incomešš€as€thatŠ H˜ Šconcept€is€defined€in€the€guidelines.€€Tenn.€Comp.€R€&€Regs.,€ch.€1240„2„4„.03(2)€(emphasis€added).€Š 4„ ŠWhile€an€obligorššs€ņņgrossóó€income€is€the€starting€point€of€the€percentage€child€support€calculation,€itŠ  p Šis€far€from€the€final€step.€€The€ņņgrossóó€income€of€a€self„employed€individual,€such€as€Father,€must€beŠ  \ Šreduced€by€š šreasonable€expenses€necessary€to€produce€such€income.šš€€Tenn.€Comp.€R.€&€Regs.,€ch.Š ųH Š1240„2„4„.03(3)(a)(2).׃Üׯ ƒ #ĆŻņņŚ  Ś3Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀€Once€this€has€been€accomplished,€a€further€adjustment€must€be€made€for€theŠ ä4 Šsignificant€matter€of€federal€income€taxes.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€Comp.€R.€&€Regs.€1240„2„4„.03(4)(b).€€In€theŠ Š  Šinstant€case,€Mother,€as€the€moving€party,€had€the€burden€to€show€that€there€had€been€a€š šsignificantŠ ° Švariance.šš€€Thus,€it€was€her€burden€to€show€the€expenses׃ׯ ƒ #ĆŻņņŚ  Ś4Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀š šnecessary€to€producešš€the€$500,000€ofŠ œģ Šgross€income€and€the€appropriate€deduction€for€taxes.€€It€was€not€Fatherššs€obligation€to€prove€whatŠ ˆŲ Šthese€expenses€and€taxes€were.Š tÄ ŠĢą  ąThis€is€not€a€case€where€an€obligor€fails€to€produce€the€necessary€š ševidence€of€income.šš€Š L œ ŠTenn.€Comp.€R.€&€Regs.,€ch.€1240„2„4„.03(3)(f).€€Father€contends€š!š€and€Mother€does€not€deny€š!š€thatŠ 8 ˆ Šshe€was€afforded€access€to€all€of€Fatherššs€records€bearing€upon€the€conversion€of€his€ņņgrossóó€incomeŠ $ t Što€ņņnetóó€income.€€For€whatever€reason,€she€chose€not€to€present€evidence€of€Fatherššs€ņņnetóó€income,Š  ` Šrelying€instead€on€Fatherššs€gross€income€and€his€š šsufficient€to€sustain€growthšš×ƒÜׯ ƒ #ĆŻņņŚ  Ś5Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀statement€regardingŠ ü L  Šhis€businesses.Š č 8  ŠĢą  ąWe€recognize€that€there€is€proof€in€the€record€of€š šin€kindšš€remuneration.€€It€is€clear€that€aŠ Ą  Šcourt€can€take€such€remuneration€into€consideration€in€establishing€oneššs€gross€income.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.Š ¬ü  ŠComp.€R.€&€Regs.,€ch.€1240„2„4„.03(3)(a)(3).€€However,€no€attempt€was€made€in€this€case€to€valueŠ ˜č  ŠFatherššs€lodging€and€other€benefits€of€the€multi„use€of€his€bed€and€breakfast€with€its€attendant€in„Š „Ō  Škind€benefits€to€Father.Š pĄ ŠĢą  ąChild€support€under€the€guidelines€is€expressed€as€a€percentage€of€ņņnetóó€income.€€It€wasŠ H˜ Šincumbent€upon€Mother,€as€the€moving€party€to€present€evidence€of€Fatherššs€ņņnetóó€income.€€This€sheŠ 4„ Šfailed€to€do.€€Because€Mother€failed€to€carry€her€burden€of€proving€a€significant€variance,€we€holdŠ  p Šthat€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trial€courtššs€finding€that€there€has€been€a€significantŠ  \ Švariance€supporting€an€increase€in€Fatherššs€child€support€obligation.€€Accordingly,€we€reinstate€theŠ ųH Šprevious€child€support€award€of€$2,000€per€month,׃,ׯ ƒ #ĆŻņņŚ  Ś6Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀retroactive€to€July€1,€2004,€the€effective€date€ofŠ ä4 Šthe€trial€courtššs€modification€of€child€support.Š Š  ŠĢÓ  ÓC.Š Øų ŠÓ÷ÓĢą  ąFather€next€asserts€that€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€in€taxing€all€court€costs€to€FatherŠ €Š Šand€in€ordering€Father€to€pay€$5,000€toward€Motherššs€attorneyššs€fees.€€We€disagree.Š l¼ ŠĢą  ąTenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€36„5„103(c)€(2005)€provides€as€follows:Š D!” Šā āŠ 0"€  Šą  ąą8 ` ąThe€plaintiff€spouse€may€recover€from€the€defendant€spouse,€and€theŠ ° Šā āspouse€or€other€person€to€whom€the€custody€of€the€child,€or€children,Š œģ Šis€awarded€may€recover€from€the€other€spouse€reasonable€attorneyŠ ˆŲ Šfees€incurred€in€enforcing€any€decree€for€alimony€and/or€childŠ tÄ Šsupport,€or€in€regard€to€any€suit€or€action€concerning€the€adjudicationŠ `° Šof€the€custody€or€the€change€of€custody€of€any€child,€or€children,€ofŠ L œ Šthe€parties,€both€upon€the€original€divorce€hearing€and€at€anyŠ 8 ˆ Šsubsequent€hearing,€which€fees€may€be€fixed€and€allowed€by€theŠ $ t Šcourt,€before€whom€such€action€or€proceeding€is€pending,€in€theŠ  ` Šdiscretion€of€such€court.Šü L ` x` x ŠĢUnder€this€statute,€an€award€of€legal€expenses€in€a€suit€pertaining€to€visitation,€an€obvious€aspect€ofŠ Ō$  Šcustody,€š šis€discretionary€with€the€trial€court.šš€€ņ ņņņSherrod€v.€Wixó óóó,€849€S.W.2d€780,€785€(Tenn.€Ct.Š Ą  ŠApp.€1992).€€While€the€ability€to€pay€of€the€party€requesting€fees€is€a€factor€to€be€considered€inŠ ¬ü  Šdetermining€whether€the€other€party€should€be€onerated€with€the€fees€of€the€other,€a€trial€court€š šmayŠ ˜č  Šaward€attorneyššs€fees€without€proof€that€the€requesting€party€is€unable€to€pay€them€as€long€as€theŠ „Ō  Šaward€is€just€and€equitable€under€the€facts€of€the€case.šš€€ņ ņņņIdó óóó.Š pĄ ŠĢą  ąMother€successfully€defended€Fatherššs€petition€with€respect€to€visitation.€€Under€theŠ H˜ Šcircumstances€presented€by€the€record€before€us,€we€find€no€support€for€a€conclusion€that€the€trialŠ 4„ Šcourt€abused€its€discretion€in€awarding€Mother€her€attorneyššs€fees.€€Furthermore,€we€find€no€abuseŠ  p Šof€discretion€in€the€trial€courtššs€decision€to€burden€Father€with€the€payment€of€court€costs.Š  \ ŠĢÓ  ÓD.Š ä4 ŠÓ“‹ÓĢą  ąNext,€Father€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€increasing€Fatherššs€monetary€obligation€forŠ ¼  Šthe€childrenššs€unreimbursed€medical€expenses€from€one„half€to€two„thirds.€€We€find€FatherššsŠ Øų Šargument€on€this€issue€to€be€without€merit.Š ”ä ŠĢą  ąIn€the€parenting€plan€which€accompanied€the€partiesšš€final€judgment€of€divorce,€the€trial€courtŠ l¼ Šordered€Father€to€pay€one„half€of€all€of€the€childrenššs€medical€expenses€not€covered€by€healthŠ X Ø Šinsurance.€€In€addition,€the€trial€court€ordered€Father€to€obtain€a€supplemental€health€insurance€policyŠ D!” Šon€the€children.€€At€the€hearing€on€the€petition€to€modify,€Father€testified€that€he€was€unable€toŠ 0"€  Šobtain€such€a€supplemental€policy,׃ׯ ƒ #ĆŻņņŚ  Ś7Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀and€the€trial€court€noted€that€it€had€no€proof€š što€indicateŠ #l! Šotherwise.šš€€€The€trial€court€therefore€removed€from€the€parenting€plan€the€provision€requiring€FatherŠ $X" Što€obtain€a€supplemental€insurance€policy.€€However,€to€compensate€for€the€lack€of€this€policy,€theŠ ō$D # Šcourt€increased€Fatherššs€obligation€for€non„covered€medical€expenses€from€one„half€to€two„thirds.Š ą%0!$ ŠWe€find€no€abuse€of€discretion€in€this€increase,€and€accordingly,€we€decline€to€disturb€the€trialŠ Ģ&"% Šcourtššs€ruling€on€this€matter.Š ø'#& ŠĢŠ )ą$( Š‡ĢÓ  ÓE.Š œģ ŠÓ ’ÓĢą  ąFather€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€awarding€Mother€one„half€of€the€partiesššŠ tÄ Š1998€income€tax€refund.€€We€again€disagree.Š `° ŠĢą  ąAs€a€general€rule,€a€trial€courtššs€division€of€marital€assets€is€not€subject€to€modification.€Š 8 ˆ Šņ ņņņJohnson€v.€Johnsonó óóó,€37€S.W.3d€892,€895€(Tenn.€2001).€€However,€if€a€particular€marital€asset€wasŠ $ t Šnot€addressed€in€the€final€judgment€of€divorce,€it€is€permissible€for€a€court€to€make€a€division€of€thatŠ  ` Šasset€at€a€later€date.€€ņņSee€ņ ņSimpkins€v.€Blankó óóó,€No.€M2002„02383„COA„R3„CV,€2003€WL€23093849,Š ü L  Šat€*5€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€M..S.,€filed€December€30,€2003).€ņņņ ņ€ó óóóBy€definition,€such€a€division€cannot€beŠ č 8  Šinterpreted€as€a€modification€of€the€original€judgment€since€the€asset€in€question€was€not€mentionedŠ Ō$  Šand€addressed€in€that€judgment.€€Š Ą  ŠĢą  ąIn€the€instant€case,€Father€€š!š€in€August,€2002€š!š€filed€an€amended€tax€return€for€the€year€1998.€Š ˜č  ŠThe€Internal€Revenue€Service€then€issued€a€check€payable€to€Father€and€Mother€ņņjointlyóó€in€the€amountŠ „Ō  Šof€$3,267.€€Father€somehow€managed€to€deposit€this€check€into€his€operating€account€withoutŠ pĄ ŠMotherššs€signature.€€Because€this€refund€was€not€even€requested,€much€less€received,€until€after€theŠ \¬ Špartiesšš€divorce€became€final,€it€is€difficult€to€understand€how€it€could€have€been€contemplated€atŠ H˜ Šthe€time€of€the€divorce.€€Not€surprisingly,€it€is€not€specifically€mentioned€in€the€judgment€of€divorce.Š 4„ ŠThe€trial€court€did€not€err€in€dividing€this€asset€at€the€June,€2004,€hearing.€€Š  p ŠĢą  ąBecause€the€refund€check€was€issued€for€a€year€in€which€the€parties€were€married,€we€cannotŠ ųH Šsay€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trial€courtššs€decision€to€consider€the€refund€to€beŠ ä4 Šmarital€property€and€to€award€Mother€$1,600,€which€constitutes€half€of€the€refunded€amount.€€Š Š  ŠĢÓ  ÓF.Š Øų ŠÓćšÓĢą  ąFinally,€Father€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€refusing€to€modify€visitation€to€allow€himŠ €Š Šincreased€time€with€his€older€son,€Timothy.€€We€find€no€error€in€the€trial€courtššs€ruling€on€thisŠ l¼ Šmatter.Š X Ø ŠĢą  ąWhen€seeking€a€modification€of€visitation,€the€moving€party€must€show,€by€a€preponderanceŠ 0"€  Šof€the€evidence,€(1)€that€a€material€change€of€circumstances€has€occurred,€and€(2)€that€such€a€changeŠ #l! Šhas€affected€the€childššs€best€interest.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€36„6„101(a)(2)(C)€(2005).€€If€the€movingŠ $X" Šparty€is€successful€in€proving€a€change€of€circumstance,€such€a€change€merely€opens€the€door€to€aŠ ō$D # Šre„examination€of€the€visitation€arrangement;€it€does€not,€ņņipso€factoóó,€require€a€modification€of€thatŠ ą%0!$ Šarrangement.Š Ģ&"% ŠĢą  ąIn€the€instant€case,€the€trial€court€š!š€in€its€memorandum€opinion€at€the€time€of€the€divorce€š!šŠ ¤(ō#' Šadmonished€Father€regarding€his€preferential€treatment€of€Timothy€and€urged€Father€to€show€moreŠ )ą$( Šof€a€commitment€to€Micah€by€exercising€the€visitation€with€Micah€to€which€he€was€entitled.€€A€yearŠ |*Ģ%) Šand€a€half€later,€Father€filed€a€petition€to€modify,€and€his€sole€request€was€that€the€court€award€himŠ h+ø&* Šadditional€visitation€with€Timothy.€€While€Father€acknowledged€at€the€hearing€on€his€petition€thatŠ ° Šhe€had€only€exercised€overnight€visitation€with€Micah€on€one€occasion,€he€claimed€that€this€was€dueŠ œģ Što€the€fact€that€he€was€unable€to€exercise€the€weekend€visitation€which€he€had€been€awarded.€€FatherŠ ˆŲ Šadvanced€various€reasons€for€this€inability;€to€wit,€he€cannot€devote€an€additional€bedroom€in€his€bedŠ tÄ Šand€breakfast€for€Micah;€he€cannot€place€a€latch€on€the€door€of€a€bedroom€for€Micah€in€order€toŠ `° Šprevent€him€from€trying€to€get€out€of€the€bedroom€during€the€night;€he€cannot€take€Micah€to€a€hotelŠ L œ Šroom€as€he€is€occasionally€forced€to€do€for€himself€and€his€wife€when€every€bedroom€š!š€includingŠ 8 ˆ Štheir€own€š!š€is€rented;€and€he€cannot€hire€a€sitter€for€an€entire€weekend€in€order€to€watch€Micah.€Š $ t ŠFather€did,€however,€make€an€oral€request€at€trial€that€the€parenting€plan€be€amended€to€allow€himŠ  ` Što€exercise€overnight€visitation€with€Micah€on€weeknights,€when€Father€is€less€likely€to€have€bed€andŠ ü L  Šbreakfast€guests€and€when€he€would€ostensibly€have€more€time€to€devote€to€Micah.Š č 8  ŠĢą  ąAt€the€conclusion€of€the€most€recent€hearing,€the€trial€court€reiterated€its€concern€that€FatherŠ Ą  Šwas€not€showing€enough€of€a€commitment€to€Micah,€and€as€a€result€of€that€concern,€the€trial€courtŠ ¬ü  Šdenied€Fatherššs€request€for€increased€visitation€with€Timothy,€stating€that€š šif€[Father]€is€going€toŠ ˜č  Šcommit€additional€parental€time€and€resources,€itššs€got€to€be€for€Micah.šš€€The€trial€court€did,Š „Ō  Šhowever,€grant€Fatherššs€request€to€modify€the€visitation€schedule€for€Micah,€allowing€Father€toŠ pĄ Šexercise€overnight€visitation€with€the€child€twice€a€month€on€either€a€Tuesday€or€Wednesday.€€TheŠ \¬ Šcourt€went€on€to€add€that€if€Father€demonstrated€progress€in€his€commitment€to€Micah,€that€it€wouldŠ H˜ Šconsider€allowing€more€visitation€with€Timothy€in€the€future.€€Š 4„ ŠĢą  ąThe€fact€that€the€court€obviously€took€a€new€look€at€the€issue€of€visitation€going€forwardŠ  \ Šindicates€an€implicit€finding€of€a€change€of€circumstances;€otherwise,€there€would€have€been€noŠ ųH Šreason€for€the€trial€court€to€take€a€fresh€look€at€this€issue.€€However,€having€examined€anew€the€issueŠ ä4 Šof€increased€visitation€with€Timothy,€the€trial€court€determined€that€such€an€increase€would€not€beŠ Š  Šin€the€best€interest€of€the€children€and€therefore€denied€Fatherššs€request.Š ¼  ŠĢą  ąFather€argues€this€denial€was€in€error,€contending€that€the€fact€Timothy€is€two€years€olderŠ ”ä Šthan€he€was€at€the€time€of€the€divorce€and€that€the€child€is€having€some€difficulty€with€school€areŠ €Š Šsufficient€reasons€to€justify€the€increased€visitation€sought€by€Father.€€While€it€is€true€that€š šņņchangesŠ l¼ Šóórelat[ed]€to€age,šš€(emphasis€added),€can€constitute€a€material€change€of€circumstance,€it€is€only€oneŠ X Ø Šfactor€that€€š šmayšš€be€considered€when€determining€the€propriety€of€a€modification€of€visitation.€€ņņSeeŠ D!” ŠóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€36„6„101(a)(2)(C).€€The€trial€court€listened€to€all€of€the€testimony€and,€afterŠ 0"€  Šhearing€and€considering€all€of€it,€determined€that€a€modification€of€Fatherššs€visitation€with€TimothyŠ #l! Šwas€not€in€the€best€interest€of€Timothy€or€the€other€two€children.€€Furthermore,€with€respect€toŠ $X" ŠFatherššs€assertion€that€Timothyššs€difficulty€in€school€is€enough€to€warrant€a€change€in€visitation,Š ō$D # ŠFather€failed€to€show€that€the€difficulty€in€school€was€attributable€to€anything€Mother€was€or€was€notŠ ą%0!$ Šdoing,€or€that€Fatherššs€additional€time€with€the€child€would€do€something€to€remedy€the€situation.€Š Ģ&"% ŠAccordingly,€we€find€nothing€in€this€record€to€indicate€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€theŠ ø'#& Štrial€courtššs€decision€to€deny€Fatherššs€request€for€increased€visitation€with€Timothy.Š ¤(ō#' ŠĢą  ąFather€contends€that€the€trial€courtššs€decision€not€to€increase€his€visitation€with€TimothyŠ |*Ģ%) Šreflects€the€courtššs€effort€to€š špunishšš€him€for€not€visiting€with€Micah.€€We€do€not€view€the€trialŠ h+ø&* Šcourtššs€most€recent€decree€regarding€the€subject€of€visitation€as€an€act€of€punishment.€€The€court€didŠ ° Šnothing€to€lessen€Fatherššs€visitation€time€with€Timothy,€and€it€even€went€so€far€as€to€adjust€FatherššsŠ œģ Švisitation€time€with€Micah€in€an€attempt€to€accommodate€Fatherššs€schedule.€€Indeed,€the€courtŠ ˆŲ Šindicated€to€Father€that,€if€his€relationship€with€Micah€developed€and€improved,€it€would€considerŠ tÄ Šexpanding€Fatherššs€visitation€time€with€Timothy€in€the€future.€€It€is€clear€to€us€that€these€actions€byŠ `° Šthe€trial€court€are€not€punitive€in€nature;€rather,€they€are€a€reasonable€attempt€by€the€court€to€fosterŠ L œ Ša€relationship€between€Father€and€Micah.Š 8 ˆ ŠĢą  ąWhile€Father€makes€much€of€the€fact€that€Micahššs€š šspecial€needsšš€status€imposes€š šintolerableŠ  ` Šrequirement[s]šš€on€Fatherššs€ability€to€keep€him€overnight,€we€believe€Fatherššs€protestations€ringŠ ü L  Šhollow.€€The€fact€is€that€Father€did€nothing€to€demonstrate€to€the€court€that€the€circumstances€wereŠ č 8  Šsuch€that€he€was€unable€to€keep€Micah€overnight.€€Father€states€that€he€would€have€to€convert€oneŠ Ō$  Šof€the€guest€rooms€for€Micahššs€use,€which€would€prevent€Father€from€renting€out€that€room.€Š Ą  ŠHowever,€Father€testified€that€Timothy€slept€on€a€sofa€in€a€sitting€room€adjacent€to€the€masterŠ ¬ü  Šbedroom€when€he€stayed€with€Father€on€weekends.€€Common€sense€would€dictate€that€Micah€wouldŠ ˜č  Šbe€able€to€sleep€on€the€floor€in€a€sleeping€bag€or€on€an€air€mattress.€€Father€argues€that,€in€order€toŠ „Ō  Škeep€Micah€overnight,€he€would€have€to€place€a€latch€on€the€bedroom€door,€and€that€this€child„Š pĄ Šproofing€š šwould€render€[the€room]€unusable€for€guests.šš€€We€simply€cannot€conceive€that€a€patronŠ \¬ Šof€Fatherššs€bed€and€breakfast€would€in€any€way€be€offended€by€a€latch€on€their€bedroom€door.€€FatherŠ H˜ Šasserts€that€he€could€not€afford€nor€would€he€trust€š ša€weekend,€live„in€babysitter,šš€which€he€claimsŠ 4„ Šhe€would€need€in€order€to€keep€Micah€overnight€and€to€provide€him€with€constant€supervision.€€WeŠ  p Šfirst€note€that€most€young€children€require€constant€supervision,€regardless€of€their€disabilities.€€WeŠ  \ Šmust€also€point€out€that€Mother€faces€these€same€supervisory€issues€on€a€daily€basis€and€hires€a€sitterŠ ųH Šwhen€necessary,€and,€unlike€Father,€Mother€does€not€have€the€assistance€of€a€spouse.€Š ä4 ŠĢą  ąHowever,€Fatherššs€concerns€over€his€bed€and€breakfast€guests€and€his€weekendŠ ¼  Šresponsibilities€should€no€longer€be€an€issue,€as€the€trial€court€granted€his€request€to€alter€hisŠ Øų Švisitation€with€Micah€to€permit€Micah€to€spend€a€weeknight€with€Father€twice€a€month.€€We€do€findŠ ”ä Šit€puzzling€that€Father€repeatedly€emphasizes€in€his€brief€before€this€court€his€utter€inability€to€keepŠ €Š ŠMicah€overnight€ņņat€any€timeóó,€not€just€on€weekends,€particularly€in€light€of€Fatherššs€ņņspecific€requestŠ l¼ Šóófor€weeknight€visitation€during€the€course€of€the€hearing.€€It€appears€as€if€Father€has€fallen€victimŠ X Ø Što€the€old€adage,€š šBe€careful€what€you€wish€for€š!š€you€might€just€get€it.ššŠ D!” ŠĢą  ąIn€short,€we€hold€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€holding€that€Father€mustŠ #l! Šspend€more€time€with€Micah€before€considering€an€increase€in€visitation€with€Timothy.€€Š $X" ŠĢÓ  ÓG.Š ą%0!$ ŠĢÓŃĮÓą  ąBy€way€of€a€separate€issue,€Mother€urges€us€to€find€Fatherššs€appeal€to€be€a€frivolous€one,€and,Š ø'#& Šas€a€consequence€of€this€requested€finding,€asks€for€an€award€of€her€attorneyššs€fees€on€appeal.€€AsŠ ¤(ō#' ŠFather€has€prevailed€on€the€issue€of€child€support,€there€is€no€basis€for€a€finding€of€a€frivolous€appeal.€Š )ą$( ŠAccordingly,€we€decline€Motherššs€request€for€an€award€of€attorneyššs€fees€for€a€frivolous€appeal.Š |*Ģ%) Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąŠ h+ø&* Š‡Ó  ÓIV.Š ° ŠĢÓ\ÄÓą  ąThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed€in€part€and€reversed€in€part.€€Fatherššs€original€childŠ ˆŲ Šsupport€obligation€of€$2,000€per€month€is€hereby€reinstated€retroactive€to€the€date€when€it€wasŠ tÄ Šincreased.€€€This€case€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€enforcement€of€that€portion€of€the€courtššsŠ `° Šjudgment€that€is€consistent€with€this€opinion€and€for€the€collection€of€costs€assessed€below,€allŠ L œ Špursuant€to€applicable€law.€€Exercising€our€discretion,€we€tax€the€costs€of€this€appeal€one„half€to€eachŠ 8 ˆ Šparty.Š $ t Šą8  ąą8` Š Š ąŠ ` x` x ŠĢĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ą_______________________________Š Ō$  Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąCHARLES€D.€SUSANO,€JR.,€JUDGE