ÿWPC0? ×-±²·­AËÎþv£cÅëîŽÕEŒ}?)ÉÚPý­ŠnXh%­LO¯)·µM¸ƒ÷Ÿ™??'×(GnW¾W<½>ÛW}9Gík½ÊüƒÃÂyÏu· ”ðüb~É÷ˆ˜ÑË&è¹Äxº½u+ÈsÖ¦ÊâPíYfeÀ=éYõŠ¸ ¶ÓXWÉ ñ¢±ÈõDêW`í‡ÇhÈ-· ºK*ª,4ʼq–Ø—ÿØ_Ä9A_‘ë‰i¡Ú÷÷™…(ÃÓÁfÐLHŽ[Êö$Äá½_GVq¨»È]X|‹÷,n®ÈÍhä  †ûjJù5ÃD¨ùaú(ÛüAJ©@އΪ•.׎ÏcRX¨N†Ó¶ÉWéæàX…‚–xaº×µ¸j>R_@êÈðšlFÜŸ‡ù—Å…'Ç1úIú†Îì ”‡®ˆå":WËc°ÏuîéîŒê”iw™Dªñ`yšvV cÂÿT0õ®q>õçÝu ìØß4f4˜Ñ¹íêý¶ì.Yî/-sí(WBî›djHçÛ¼¦üÕŸ+ÎضöÏ2º]jI/AâFµöñ}üÄ­ojÓ“›•7z+L*NižFpó ©ìúTÅ`à¾_`X2œQ#!nU%N %Ý 0Æãw@©4éý m % Æ- 0eó 0X 0Dn ² "º Ü ä ì óô ç Çü WÃ1ENuPHÅ  b@"[r}"ï""3"U"w+™bÄ"Ì Bî" "-"O"qq"“"µ¸×"!!!!@±!±!Çñ"o¸#¸#W'%’~&~&++%,%,Ñ#€Šÿÿd#ÑÑ € ÑØØHU- ù- 6Ý ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›€In€light€of€the€questions€presented,€we€need€not€address€the€affect€of€a€failure€toÐ ° Ðserve€the€extension€request€and€order€on€appellant€or€the€failure€to€include€them€in€the€file. Ñ ° ÑÑ ° Ñ hÝ ƒ ($ÝÓ  ÓÔ€XÄsXXXÔÔ€Š³‹XXÄsÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›€Appellant,€in€his€brief€submitted€to€the€Court,€incorrectly€identified€the€charges€forÐ ° Ðpetition€399085025€as€being€for€petition€399021021€and€vice€versa.€€Appellant€alsoÏmisnumbered€case€399085025€as€399085205€in€part€of€his€brief.€€After€a€review€of€theÏrecord€and€the€transcript,€we€have€been€able€to€determine€the€correct€numbers€and€chargesÏfor€each€petition.€€Appellee€had€accepted€appellantððs€facts€without€identifying€the€mistakes. Ñ ° ÑÑ ° Ñ Ñ ° ÑÑ ° Ñ Ñ ° ÑÑ ° Ñ Ñ ° ÑÑ ° Ñ Ñ ° ÑÑ ° Ñ !Ý ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›Ñ @° ÑÑ @° Ñ€This€provision€is€currently€located€in€Maryland€Code€(1973,€1998€Repl.€Vol.,€2000Ð ° ÐSupp.),€section€3„802(a)(4)€of€the€Courts€and€Judicial€Proceedings€Article,€which€states€that:ÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°Ò(a)€òòPurposes€of€subtitleóó.€ð"ð€The€purposes€of€this€subtitle€are:Ð ° ÐÌà ` à.€.€.€.ÌÌà ` à(4)€To€provide€for€the€care,€protection,€and€wholesome€mental€andÏphysical€development€of€children€coming€within€the€provisions€of€thisÏsubtitle;€and€to€provide€for€a€program€of€treatment,€training,€and€rehabilitationÏconsistent€with€the€childððs€best€interest€and€the€protection€of€the€public€interestÏ.€.€.€.- ù- Ñ ° ÑÑ ° Ñ d Ñ ° ÑÑ ° Ñ Ñ ° ÑÑ ° Ñ Ñ ° ÑÑ ° Ñ Ñ ° ÑÑ ° Ñ Ñ ° ÑÑ ° Ñ Ñ ° ÑÑ ° Ñ ®Ý ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú14Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›€Other€parts€of€section€5„106€provide€for€limitation€periods€for€specific€offenses.€Ð ° ÐFor€example,€paragraph€(o)€provides€that€the€ð ðstatute€of€limitations€for€the€crime€ofÏconspiracy€is€the€statute€of€limitations€for€the€prosecution€of€the€substantive€crime€that€is€theÏsubject€of€conspiracy.ðð Ñ ° ÑÑ ° Ñ 6Ý ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›€In€light€of€the€questions€presented,€we€need€not€address€the€affect€of€a€failure€toÐ ° Ðserve€the€extension€request€and€order€on€appellant€or€the€failure€to€include€them€in€the€file. ½Ý ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›€All€references€to€section€5„106€are€to€this€article,œ€unless€otherwise€cited. eÝ ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú12Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›€This€section€moved€to€Article€27,€section€690(e),€prior€to€our€holding€inòò€MasseyÐ ° Ðv.€Stateóó,€and€is€presently€located€in€Maryland€Code€(1999),€section€9„103(a)(3)€of€theÐ ° ÐCorrectional€Services€Article. MÝ ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›€There€have€been€various€amendments€to€section€3„812€and€specifically€3„812(b).€Ð ° ÐWe€will€only€discuss€the€amendments€that€are€relevant€to€the€issues€presented€in€the€case€atÐ °  Ðbar. ˆÝ ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›Ñ @° ÑÑ @° Ñ€Penitentiary€misdemeanors€include€offenses€found€in€the€following€statutes:Ð ° ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°Òò òArticle€27€Crimes€and€Punishmentsó ó,€sections€8,€¢12B£,€22,€23,€25,€¢35E£,€44,46,Ð ° Ð47,€53,€80,€126,€127,€132,€¢139A£,€163,€173,€174,€215,€229,€265,€374,€439,€554,Ï558,€559,€560,€792;€ò òArticle€33€Election€Codeó ó,€sections€16„101,€16„303;Ð ´ Ðò òArticle€48€Inspectionsó ó,€section€3;€ò òArticle€¢83A£€Department€of€Business€andÐ ¸  ÐEconomic€Development,ó ó€sections€5„940,€6„112,€6„212;€ò òArticle€¢88A£€SocialÐ ¼  ÐServices€Administrationó ó,€section€62;€ò òFamily€Law€Articleó ó,€section€5„559.7;Ð À  Ðò òFinancial€Institutions€Articleó ó,€sections€5„804,€9„102,€9„216,€9„224,€9„307,Ð Ä  Ð9„913,€9„914;€ò òHealth€Occupations€Articleó ó,€section€4„606;ò ò€NaturalÐ È   ÐResources€Articleó ó,€section€3¢„2A£„12;€ò òState€Finance€and€Procurementó ó,Ð Ì  Ðsection€7„237. Ý ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›€House€Bill€640€originally€considered€extending€the€time€for€the€Stateððs€Attorney€toÐ ° Ðfile€a€petition€from€fifteen€days€to€forty€days. Ý ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›Ñ @° ÑÑ @° Ñ€Section€5„106(a)€and€(b)€state:Ð ° ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°Òà ` à(a)€òòIn€generalóó.€ð"ð€Except€as€provided€by€this€section,€a€prosecution€forÐ ° Ða€misdemeanor€shall€be€instituted€within€1€year€after€the€offense€wasÏcommitted.ÌÌà ` à(b)€òòMisdemeanor€punishable€by€imprisonment€in€penitentiaryóó.€ð"ðÐ °  ÐNotwithstanding€ðð€9„103€(a)€(3)€of€the€Correctional€Services€Article€or€anyÏother€provision€of€the€Code,€if€a€statute€provides€that€a€misdemeanor€isÏpunishable€by€imprisonment€in€the€penitentiary,€the€State€may€institute€aÏprosecution€for€the€offense€at€any€time. Ý ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›€For€possible€dispositions,€see€Maryland€Code€(1973,€1998€Repl.€Vol.,€2000€Supp.),Ð ° Ðsection€3„820€of€the€Courts€and€Judicial€Proceedings€Article. µÝ ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú13Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›€òòSee€Massey,€supraóó,€for€an€extensive€history€of€section€690(e). kÝ ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›Ñ @° ÑÑ @° Ñ€Maryland€Code€(1957,€1996€Repl.€Vol.),€Article€27,€section€¢12A£€states:Ð ° ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°Òò òðð€12A.€€Second€degree€assault.ó óÐ ° ÐÌà ` à.€.€.€.ÌÌà ` à(b)€òòViolation;€penaltiesóó.€ð"ð€A€person€who€violates€this€section€is€guiltyÐ °  Ðof€the€misdemeanor€of€assault€in€the€second€degree€and€on€conviction€isÏsubject€to€a€fine€of€not€more€than€$2,500€or€imprisonment€for€not€more€thanÏ10€years€or€both. !Ý ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›Ñ @° ÑÑ @° Ñ€This€provision€is€currently€located€in€Maryland€Code€(1973,€1998€Repl.€Vol.,€2000Ð ° ÐSupp.),€section€3„802(a)(4)€of€the€Courts€and€Judicial€Proceedings€Article,€which€states€that:ÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°Ò(a)€òòPurposes€of€subtitleóó.€ð"ð€The€purposes€of€this€subtitle€are:Ð ° ÐÌà ` à.€.€.€.ÌÌà ` à(4)€To€provide€for€the€care,€protection,€and€wholesome€mental€andÏphysical€development€of€children€coming€within€the€provisions€of€thisÏsubtitle;€and€to€provide€for€a€program€of€treatment,€training,€and€rehabilitationÏconsistent€with€the€childððs€best€interest€and€the€protection€of€the€public€interestÏ.€.€.€. ˆÝ ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›Ñ @° ÑÑ @° Ñ€Penitentiary€misdemeanors€include€offenses€found€in€the€following€statutes:Ð ° ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°Òò òArticle€27€Crimes€and€Punishmentsó ó,€sections€8,€¢12B£,€22,€23,€25,€¢35E£,€44,46,Ð ° Ð47,€53,€80,€126,€127,€132,€¢139A£,€163,€173,€174,€215,€229,€265,€374,€439,€554,Ï558,€559,€560,€792;€ò òArticle€33€Election€Codeó ó,€sections€16„101,€16„303;Ð ´ Ðò òArticle€48€Inspectionsó ó,€section€3;€ò òArticle€¢83A£€Department€of€Business€andÐ ¸  ÐEconomic€Development,ó ó€sections€5„940,€6„112,€6„212;€ò òArticle€¢88A£€SocialÐ ¼  ÐServices€Administrationó ó,€section€62;€ò òFamily€Law€Articleó ó,€section€5„559.7;Ð À  Ðò òFinancial€Institutions€Articleó ó,€sections€5„804,€9„102,€9„216,€9„224,€9„307,Ð Ä  Ð9„913,€9„914;€ò òHealth€Occupations€Articleó ó,€section€4„606;ò ò€NaturalÐ È   ÐResources€Articleó ó,€section€3¢„2A£„12;€ò òState€Finance€and€Procurementó ó,Ð Ì  Ðsection€7„237. eÝ ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú12Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›€This€section€moved€to€Article€27,€section€690(e),€prior€to€our€holding€inòò€MasseyÐ ° Ðv.€Stateóó,€and€is€presently€located€in€Maryland€Code€(1999),€section€9„103(a)(3)€of€theÐ ° ÐCorrectional€Services€Article. µÝ ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú13Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›€òòSee€Massey,€supraóó,€for€an€extensive€history€of€section€690(e). ®Ý ƒ EC$ÝÔ‡Š‡²‹XXÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú14Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›€Other€parts€of€section€5„106€provide€for€limitation€periods€for€specific€offenses.€Ð ° ÐFor€example,€paragraph€(o)€provides€that€the€ð ðstatute€of€limitations€for€the€crime€ofÏconspiracy€is€the€statute€of€limitations€for€the€prosecution€of€the€substantive€crime€that€is€theÏsubject€of€conspiracy.ððÝ ƒ"ã!ÝÑ€(ÑÑ8€ÄsXXdìdì8ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÔ€XÄsXXXÔÔ€ŠP‡‹XXÄsÔÝ  Ý›òòñŒñÑ8€ÄsXXdìXXdì8ÑñŒñIn€re€Anthony€R.óóÐ ° ÐNo.€4,€September€Term,€2000ÌÌò ò¢Headnote£:à0 ` àó óIn€the€case€at€bar,€appellant€was€charged€as€a€juvenile€under€two€petitions.€Ð ° ÐThe€juvenile€court€denied€appellantððs€motion€to€dismiss€one€petition€on€theÏgrounds€that€the€Stateððs€Attorney€violated€section€3„812(b)€of€the€Courts€andÏJudicial€Proceedings€Article.€€The€juvenile€court€also€denied€appellantððsÏmotion€to€dismiss€the€second€petition€on€the€grounds€that€it€violated€the€statuteÏof€limitations.€€We€hold€that€the€first€petition€should€have€been€dismissedÏbecause€the€Stateððs€Attorney€failed€to€file€the€delinquency€petition€withinÏthirty€days€of€receiving€a€referral€from€an€intake€officer€in€violation€of€sectionÏ3„812(b).€€We€also€hold€that€the€one„year€statute€of€limitations€for€mostÏmisdemeanor€offenses€in€adult€proceedings€also€applies€to€juvenileÏproceedingsñ‡ñò òñ‡ññˆñ,€but,€that€in€the€case€ñˆñòòñˆñsub€judiceñˆñóóñˆñ,€it€was€not€applicableñˆññ‡ñó óñ‡ññˆñ.ñˆññ‰ñ.ñ‰ññ†ñ.ñ†ñ€€€ñŠñÐ #´ ` (#` (# #ÐñŠññ‹ñÒX°Òñ‹ñññÒe°Òñññ‹ñÔ‡ô ¡õ‹ŠÞÔCircuit€Court€for€Baltimore€CityÐ ° ÐCase€Petition€Nos.€399021021€and€399085025Ô#†ŠÞ‹õô ¡™#ÔÐ vÆ ÐÒ7eÒòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€APPEALS€OF€MARYLANDóóÐ <Œ ÐÌà@èè;ÛàNo.€Ô% ‡ Ô4Ô%†²ÔˆÌÌà@ôô3ÛàSeptember€Term,€Ô% ‡ Ô2000Ô%†öÔˆÌÌßA€*) °°xdE7; IAßÐ < Œ ÐÌÌÌà@  5ÛàÔ% ‡ ÔIN€RE€ANTHONY€R.Ô%††ÔˆÌÌÌÔ% ‡ ÔÔ%†¸ÔÌßA€*) °°xdE7JIAßÐ K› ÐÌà  àà ç àBell,€C.€J.Ìà  àà ç àEldridgeÌà  à€€€€€€€€€*RodowskyÌà  àà ç àRakerÌà  àà ç àWilnerÌà  àà ç àCathellÌà  àà ç àHarrell,ÌÌà  àà ç àà ? àà — àJJ.ÌÌßA€*) °°xdE7YIAßÐ Zª ÐÌà@2ÛàOpinion€by€Cathell,€J.ˆÌÌßA€*) °°xdE7h!IAßÐ i!¹  ÐÌà  àFiled:ñ‹ññŽñ€€€œñŽñññDecember€6,€2000ñññ‹ñ›ÌÌRodowsky,€J.,€now€retired,€participated€in€theÏhearing€and€conference€of€this€case€while€an€activeÏmember€of€this€Court;€after€being€recalled€pursuantÏto€the€Constitution,€Article€IV,€Section€3A,€he€alsoÏparticipated€in€the€decision€and€adoption€of€thisÏopinion.ÌÒ°7ÒÒ°XÒÔ% € ÔÐ  x*È%* ÐÓÓÑ€ÂÑÑ  ÑÑ€"dOÑÑ€ dOÑÑ€#dOÑÑ€dOÑÑ€$dOÑÑ€)dOÑÑ€+dO ÑÑ€%dO ÑÑ€,dO ÑÑ€1dO ÑÑ€-dO ÑÑ€.dOÑÑ€&dOÑÑ€0dOÑÑ€3dOÑà  àAppellant,€Anthony€R.,€was€charged€as€a€juvenile€under€petition€number€399021021Ïand€petition€number€399085025.€€Prior€to€trial,€appellant€filed€a€motion€for€the€juvenile€courtÏto€dismiss€petition€399021021€because€the€petition€was€not€filed€in€accordance€withÏMaryland€Code€(1973,€1998€Repl.€Vol.,€2000€Supp.),€section€3„812(b)€of€the€Courts€andÏJudicial€Proceedings€Article.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€After€a€hearing,€the€motion€was€denied.€€A€motion€to€dismissÐ °  Ðpetition€399085025€was€also€filed€prior€to€trial€and€was€also€denied.€€After€adjudicationÏhearings,€the€juvenile€court€found€facts€to€sustain€both€petitions.€€A€disposition€hearing€wasÏheld€on€August€31,€1999,€at€which€time€a€delinquency€finding€was€made€and€appellant€wasÏplaced€on€indefinite€probation.€€Appellant€filed€an€appeal€on€September€21,€1999€to€theÏCourt€of€Special€Appeals,€appealing€the€juvenile€courtððs€denial€of€the€two€motions€toÏdismiss.€€We€granted€certiorari€on€our€own€motion€prior€to€consideration€by€the€Court€ofÏSpecial€Appeals.€€Appellant€presents€two€questions:ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà ` à1.€Did€the€juvenile€judge€err€in€holding€that€the€Court€of€AppealsÏdecision€in€òòIn€re€James€S.óó[,€286€Md.€702,€410€A.2d€586€(1980)],€was€noÐ ° Ðlonger€good€law€and€in€therefore€refusing€to€dismiss€the€Petition€filed€againstÏthe€Appellant€in€violation€of€the€time€requirements€of€Courts€and€JudicialÏProceedings€Article,€[section]€3„812(b)?ÌÌà ` à2.€€Did€the€juvenile€judge€err€in€ruling€that€the€statute€of€limitations€didÏnot€apply€to€juvenile€offenses?ÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓWe€answer€yes€to€questions€I€and€II.€€We€reverse€the€findings€of€the€trial€court€in€petitionÏ399021021€and€in€petition€399085025€and€shall€direct€that€court€to€dismiss€those€petitions.€ÏÐ °)%% ÐÑÂÑâ âÑ8€ÄsŠXdìXXdì8ÑÑ€(ÑØØâ âÑ  Ñà@ôô(ìàò òFactsó óˆÐ ° Ðà  àThe€allegations€of€petition€399085025׃!×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€were€first€made€by€Corey€B.,€based€on€anÐ ° Ðalleged€incident€on€December€3,€1997.€€Corey€B.€stated€that€he€was€on€a€bus,€going€toÏschool,€when€a€group€of€approximately€nine€boys€boarded€the€bus.€€One€of€these€boys,ÏGenerio,€approached€Corey€B.€and€questioned€him€as€to€why€he€had€hit€Generioððs€cousin.€ÏCorey€B.€replied€that€he€did€not€know€anything€about€the€incident€at€which€time€GenerioÏstruck€Corey€B.€€The€other€boys€in€the€group,€including€appellant,€then€started€to€attackÏCorey€B.€€Corey€B.€testified€that€appellant€was€one€of€the€boys€who€hit€him.€€AppellantÏtestified€that€he€did€not€hit€Corey€B.€and€he€did€not€witness€any€other€boys€hitting€him.Ìà  àThe€allegations€of€petition€399021021€occurred€on€September€14,€1998.€€Corey€B.Ïtestified€that€he€was€in€the€cafeteria€at€Patterson€High€School€when€he€was€approached€byÏappellant€and€two€other€boys.€€The€three€boys€asked€Corey€B.€if€he€wanted€to€fight.€€TheÏboys€left€when€he€responded€that€he€did€not€want€to€fight.€€Later€in€the€day,€Corey€B.€wasÏconfronted€by€the€same€three€boys.€€Corey€B.€testified€that€appellant€hit€him€in€the€face€andÏwhen€Corey€B.€fought€back,€all€three€boys€attacked€him.€€Appellant€testified€that€he€did€notÏhit€Corey€B.€that€day.Ìà  àA€hearing€was€held€before€the€Circuit€Court€for€Baltimore€City,€sitting€as€a€juvenileÐ °$  ÐÑ"dOÑâ "âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ "âÑ  Ñcourt,€on€April€28,€1999,€at€which€time€appellant€argued€that€petition€399021021€should€beÏdismissed€because€the€State€failed€to€comply€with€the€time€requirements€of€section€3„812.€ÏUnder€section€3„812(b),€the€Stateððs€Attorney€shall€prepare€and€file€a€delinquency€petitionÏwithin€thirty€days€of€receipt€of€a€referral€from€the€intake€officer.€€The€Stateððs€AttorneyÏreceived€the€referral€from€the€intake€officer€on€December€15,€1998,€but€did€not€file€theÏdelinquency€petition€until€January€21,€1999,€seven€days€after€the€thirty„day€deadline.€€AfterÏthe€hearing,€the€juvenile€court€kept€the€matter€òòsub€curiaóó,€granting€appellant€time€to€file€aÐ °  Ðwritten€brief€in€support€of€his€motion.€€Appellant€filed€a€brief€on€April€30,€1999,€in€whichÏappellant€stated€that€in€accordance€with€òòIn€Re:€James€S.óó,€286€Md.€702,€410€A.2d€586€(1980),Ð ° Ðpetition€399021021€should€be€dismissed€with€prejudice€for€the€Stateððs€failure€to€comply€withÏsection€3„812(b).Ìà  àThe€juvenile€court€filed€a€Memorandum€Opinion€and€Order€on€May€11,€1999,Ïdenying€appellantððs€motion€to€dismiss.€€In€its€opinion,€the€court€stated€that:ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà ` àMaryland€courts€have€made€it€abundantly€clear€that€dismissal€is€notÏappropriate€when€the€mandatory€time€provisions€are€not€complied€withÏregarding€the€intake€phase,€adjudication,€disposition,€and€restitution€hearingsÏin€juvenile€cases.€€After€considering€statutory€changes€to€Section€3„812(b),€òòInÐ °! Ðre€James€S.óó,€post„òòJamesóó€case€law,€Maryland€Rule€1„201,€and€the€overallÐ °" Ðpurpose€of€the€Juvenile€Causes€Act,€this€Court€concludes€that€a€bright€line€testÏor€blanket€rule€that€dismissal€is€mandated€is€not€appropriate.€€Instead,€theÏbetter€approach€is€to€examine€the€totality€of€the€circumstances€and€the€facts€ofÏeach€case€to€determine€the€sanction€for€noncompliance€with€the€statute.€€UnderÏsome€circumstances,€dismissal€with€prejudice€will€be€the€proper€sanction€forÏfailure€to€comply€with€Section€3„812(b).€€However,€after€considering€theÏnature€of€the€charges€and€the€fact€that€the€respondents€have€not€been€detainedÏas€a€result€of€the€delay,€this€Court€does€not€believe€that€dismissal€is€requiredÏ.€.€.€.€Ð °+'' ÐÑ dOÑâ  âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ  âÑ  ÑÑ dOÑâ  âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ  âÑ  ÑÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà  àAppellant€thereafter€filed€a€Motion€to€Dismiss€both€petitions€on€July€6,€1999.€€In€theÏmotion,€appellant€claimed€that€under€petition€399085025€he€had€been€denied€his€right€to€dueÏprocess€and€his€right€to€a€speedy€trial€based€on€the€period€of€delay€until€the€hearing€and€thatÏthe€Stateððs€failure€to€file€with€the€court€and€serve€on€appellant€an€order€to€extend€the€StateððsÏtime€for€petitioning€in€the€delinquency€matter€of€petition€399085025€made€the€extensionÏineffective.ññ׃×ññññ׃7×ññÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€court€heard€oral€arguments€on€the€motion€on€July€7,€1999,€before€theÐ °  Ðadjudication€hearing.€€At€the€hearing,€appellant€renewed€his€claims€from€his€motion€toÏdismiss€and€also€claimed€that€the€State€violated€Maryland€Code€(1973,€1998€Repl.€Vol.,Ï2000€œSupp.),›€section€5„106€of€the€Courts€and€Judicial€Proceedings€Article,ññ׃×ññññ׃9×ññÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€by€notÐ ° Ðprosecuting€a€misdemeanor€within€one€year€after€the€offense€was€committed.€€The€courtÏdismissed€the€due€process€and€speedy€trial€claims€based€on€its€analysis€of€Supreme€Court€andÏMaryland€case€law.€€The€court€also€dismissed€appellantððs€last€issue€about€the€applicabilityÏof€section€5„106,€stating€that:ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà ` àThe€Court€believes€that€based€on€the€purposes€of€the€Juvenile€CausesÏAct,€as€detailed€in€this€Courtððs€memorandum,€opinion,€and€order€dated€MayÏ11,€of€accountability,€responsibility,€the€Court€does€not€believe€that€thatÏsection€applies€to€the€Juvenile€Causes€Act,€and€accordingly,€will€deny€theÏ[appellantððs]€motion€to€dismiss€on€that€ground€as€well.€ÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓThe€adjudication€hearing€was€then€held€and€the€court€found€that€under€petition€399085025,€Ð °%!! ÐÑ#dOÑâ #âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ #âÑ  Ñthere€was€evidence€to€sustain€the€facts€as€to€the€second€degree€assault.€€The€court€foundÏpetitioner€ð ðnot€involvedðð€in€the€reckless€endangerment€charge.€€Under€petition€399021021,Ïthe€court€found€petitioner€ð ðinvolvedðð€as€to€both€second€degree€assault€and€molesting€aÏstudent€on€school€property€under€Maryland€Code€(1978,€1999€Repl.€Vol.,€2000€œSupp.),›Ïsection€26„101€of€the€Education€Article.Ìà  àAppellant€appealed€to€the€Court€of€Special€Appeals.€€Before€consideration€by€theÏCourt€of€Special€Appeals,€we€granted€certiorari€on€our€own€motion.€Ìà@%ìàò òDiscussionó óˆÐ ° Ðà  àWe€will€first€examine€the€legislative€history€of€section€3„812€and€address€appellantððsÏfirst€question.€€We€will€then€address€œwhether€the›€statute€of€limitations€in€section€5„106Ïapplies€to€juvenile€actions.Ìà@ÞÞ"ìàò òA.€€Section€3„812ó óˆÐ ° Ðà  àWe€commence€our€analysis€of€section€3„812€by€attempting€to€ascertain€the€intent€ofÏthe€legislature.€€As€we€said€in€òòState€v.€Bellóó,€351€Md.€709,€720€A.2d€311(1998):€€€Ð ° ÐÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà ` àWe€have€said€that€ð ð[¢t]he£€cardinal€rule€of€statutory€interpretation€is€toÏascertain€and€effectuate€the€intention€of€the€legislature.ðð€€òòOaks€v.€Connorsóó,Ð °! Ð339€Md.€24,€35,€660€A.2d€423,€429€(1995).€€Legislative€intent€must€be€soughtÏfirst€in€the€actual€language€of€the€statute.€€òòMarriot€Employees€Fed.€CreditÐ °# ÐUnion€v.€Motor€Vehicle€Adminóó.,€346€Md.€437,€444„45,€697€A.2d€455,€458Ð °$  Ð(1997);€òòStanford€v.€Maryland€Police€Training€&€Correctional€Commððnóó,€346Ð °%!! ÐMd.€374,€380,€697€A.2d€424,€427€(1997)€(quoting€òòTidewater€v.€Mayor€ofÐ °&"" ÐHavre€de€Graceóó,€337€Md.€338,€344,€653€A.2d€468,€472€(1995));€òòCoburn€v.Ð °'## ÐCoburnóó,€342€Md.€244,€256,€674€A.2d€951,€957€(1996);€òòRomm€v.€Flaxóó,€340Ð °($$ ÐMd.€690,€693,€668€A.2d€1,€2€(1995);€òòOaksóó,€339€Md.€at€35,€660€A.2d€at€429;Ð °)%% ÐòòMauzy€v.€Hornbeckóó,€285€Md.€84,€92,€400€A.2d€1091,€1096€(1979);€òòBoard€ofÐ °*&& ÐSupervisors€v.€Weissóó,€217€Md.€133,€136,€141€A.2d€734,€736€(1958).€€WhereÐ °+'' Ðthe€statutory€language€is€plain€and€free€from€ambiguity,€and€expresses€aÏdefinite€and€simple€meaning,€courts€normally€do€not€look€beyond€the€wordsÏof€the€statute€to€determine€legislative€intent.€€òòMarriot€Employeesóó,€346€Md.€atÐ ° Ð445,€697€A.2d€at€458;€òòKaczorowski€v.€Mayor€of€Baltimoreóó,€309€Md.€505,€515,Ð ° Ð525€A.2d€628,€633€(1987);€òòHunt€v.€Montgomery€Countyóó,€248€Md.€403,€414,Ð ° Ð237€A.2d€35,€41€(1968).ÌÌà ` à.€.€.€.ÌÌà ` àThis€Court€recently€stated€that€ð ðstatutory€language€is€not€read€inÏisolation,€but€ððin€light€of€the€full€context€in€which€[it]€appear[s],€and€in€lightÏof€external€manifestations€of€intent€or€general€purpose€available€through€otherÏevidence.ðððð€€òòStanford€v.€Maryland€Police€Training€&€Correctional€Commððnóó,Ð °  Ð346€Md.€374,€380,€697€A.2d€424,€427€(1997)€(alterations€in€original)€(quotingÐ °  ÐòòCunningham€v.€Stateóó,€318€Md.€182,€185,€567€A.2d€126,€127€(1989)).€€To€thisÐ ° Ðend,ÌÌà0 ` àà ¸ à[w]hen€we€pursue€the€context€of€statutory€language,€we€are€notÏlimited€to€the€words€of€the€statute€as€they€are€printed.€.€.€.€€We€may€andÏoften€must€consider€other€ð ðexternal€manifestationsðð€or€ð ðpersuasiveÏevidence,ðð€including€a€billððs€title€and€function€paragraphs,€amendmentsÏthat€occurred€as€it€passed€through€the€legislature,€its€relationship€toÏearlier€and€subsequent€legislation,€and€other€material€that€fairly€bearsÏon€the€fundamental€issue€of€legislative€purpose€or€goal,€which€becomesÏthe€context€within€which€we€read€the€particular€language€before€us€inÏa€given€case.€€Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà0 ` àà ¸ à.€.€.€[I]n€òòState€v.€One€1983€Chevrolet€Vanóó,€309€Md.€327,€524Ð ° ÐA.2d€51€(1987),€.€.€.€[a]lthough€we€did€not€describe€any€of€the€statutesÏinvolved€in€that€case€as€ambiguous€or€uncertain,€we€did€search€forÏlegislative€purpose€or€meaning€ð"ð€what€Judge€Orth,€writing€for€theÏCourt,€described€as€ð ðthe€legislative€scheme.ðð€€[òòIdóó.€at]€344-45,€524€A.2dÐ °# Ðat€59.€€We€identified€that€scheme€or€purpose€after€an€extensive€reviewÏof€the€context€of€Ch.€549,€Acts€of€1984,€which€had€effected€majorÏchanges€in€Art.€27,€ðð€297.€€That€context€included,€among€other€things,Ïa€bill€request€form,€prior€legislation,€a€legislative€committee€report,€aÏbill€title,€related€statutes€and€amendments€to€the€bill.€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòOgrinzÐ °($$ Ðv.€Jamesóó,€309€Md.€381,€524€A.2d€77€(1987),€in€which€we€consideredÐ °)%% Ðlegislative€history€(a€committee€report)€to€assist€in€construingÏlegislation€that€we€did€not€identify€as€ambiguous€or€of€uncertainÐ °+'' ÐÑ(dOÑâ (âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ (âÑ  Ñmeaning.€òòа` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌKaczorowskióó,€309€Md.€at€514-15,€525€A.2d€at€632-33€(some€citationsÐ ° Ðomitted).ÌòòÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓId.óó€at€717„19,€720€A.2d€at€315„16€(some€alterations€in€original);€òòsee€Williams€v.€Mayor€&Ð °  ÐCity€Council€of€Baltimoreóó,€359€Md.€101,€115„17,€753€A.2d€41,€48„49€(2000);€òòRiemer€v.Ð °  ÐColumbia€Medical€Planóó,€358€Md.€222,€235„36,€747€A.2d€677,€684„85€(2000);€òòLaznovskyÐ °  Ðv.€Laznovskyóó,€357€Md.€586,€606„07,€745€A.2d€1054,€1065€(2000).Ð °  Ðà  àChapter€554€of€the€Laws€of€Maryland€of€1975€(House€Bill€483)€revised€the€statutesÏpertaining€to€juvenile€actions,€establishing€the€Juvenile€Causes€Act.€€Chapter€554,€in€finalÏform,€stated€in€its€title€that€it€had€the€following€purpose:ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓFORà0 ` àthe€purpose€of€generally€revising€and€recodifying€the€law€concerningÐ ° ÐJuvenile€Causes,€creating€a€uniform€law€for€Juvenile€Causes,€providingÏfor€the€jurisdiction€of€the€courts€to€hear€juvenile€causes,€setting€forthÏprocedures,€powers,€duties,€and€limitations€with€respect€to€judicial€andÏexecutive€personnel€in€connection€with€juvenile€causes,€and€relatingÏgenerally€to€juvenile€causes.Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓSection€3„812(b),€as€originally€enacted€by€Chapter€554,€read:ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà ` à(b)€Petitions€alleging€delinquency€shall€be€prepared€and€filed€by€theÏStateððs€attorney.€€All€other€petitions€shall€be€prepared€and€filed€by€the€intakeÏofficer.ÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓSection€3„812(b)€was€amended€by€Chapter€814€of€the€Laws€of€Maryland€of€1978€(SenateÏBill€551).ññ׃×ññññ׃<×ññÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€In€its€amended€form,€section€3„812(b)€stated€that€the€Stateððs€Attorney€ð ðshallðð€fileÐ °&"" ÐÑ$dO Ñâ $âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ $âÑ  Ña€delinquency€petition€within€fifteen€days€of€receiving€a€referral.€€It€was€clear€that€theÏGeneral€Assembly€wanted€juvenile€actions€to€be€processed€expeditiously.€€The€statute€wasÏin€this€form€when€we€analyzed€it€in€òòIn€Re:€James€S.óóÐ ° Ðà  àIn€the€case€of€òòIn€Re:€James€Sóó.,€òòsupraóó,€we€held€that€a€petition€filed€under€section€3„Ð °  Ð812(b)€must€be€dismissed,€with€prejudice,€if€not€filed€within€the€designated€time€period.€€AtÏthat€time,€section€3„812(b)€stated,€in€relevant€part,€that€ð ð[¢p]etitions£€alleging€delinquency€.Ï.€.€shall€be€prepared€and€filed€by€the€Stateððs€[¢A]ttorney£.€€A€petition€alleging€delinquency€shallÏbe€filed€within€15€days€after€the€receipt€of€a€referral€from€the€intake€officer.ðð€€We€paid€closeÏattention€to€the€word€ð ðshallðð€and€its€generally€mandatory€nature.€€We€stated€that:€ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà ` àThis€Court€most€recently€considered€the€word€ð ðshallðð€to€be€mandatoryÏin€òòState€v.€Hicksóó,€285€Md.€310,€403€A.2d€356€(1979).€€That€case€involvedÐ ° Ðinterpretation€of€Maryland€Rule€746€which€in€turn€was€based€on€MarylandÏCode€(1957,€1976€Repl.€Vol.)€Art.€27,€ðð€591€relative€to€prompt€trial€ofÏcriminal€charges€in€the€circuit€courts€and€the€Criminal€Court€of€Baltimore.€€InÏthe€opinion€on€the€motion€for€reconsideration€we€said:ÌÌà8 ` àUnder€settled€principles€of€statutory€construction,€the€wordÏð ðshallðð€is€ordinarily€presumed€to€have€a€mandatory€meaning.€ÏòòJohnson€v.€Stateóó,€282€Md.€314,€321,€384€A.2d€709[,€713]Ð ° Ð(1978);€òòMoss€v.€Directoróó,€279€Md.€561,€564-565,€369€A.2dÐ °  Ð1011[,€1013]€(1977);€òòUnited€States€Coin€&€Currency€v.€Dir.óó,Ð °! Ð279€Md.€185,€187,€367€A.2d€1243[,€1244]€(1977);€òòBright€v.Ð °" ТUnsat£.€C.€&.€J.€Fund€Bd.óó,€275€Md.€165,€169-170,€338€A.2dÐ °# Ð248[,€251]€(1975),€and€cases€there€cited.€€Moreover,€if€it€wereÏintended€that€the€deadline€for€trial€of€the€case€was€notÏmandatory€and€could€be€overlooked€whenever€convenient,€thereÏwould€have€been€no€necessity€for€the€further€provision€in€theÐ °'## ÐÑ)dO Ñâ )âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ )âÑ  Ñstatute€and€rule€requiring€ð ðextraordinary€causeðð€and€permissionÏof€the€county€administrative€judge€for€an€extension€of€theÏdeadline.€[òòId.óó€at€334,€403€A.2d€at€369.]а` x` x ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒòòÓÓIn€Re:€James€S.,€óó286€Md.€at€708,€410€A.2d€at€589.€€We€also€were€aware€of€the€similaritiesÐ ° Ðbetween€the€language€in€section€3„812€and€other€statutes€that€limited€actions.€€We€stated€that:ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà ` àWe€are€struck€by€the€similarity€between€the€language€used€in€the€statuteÏhere€under€consideration€and€that€in€the€various€limitations€of€actions€foundÏin€Code€(1974,€1979€Cum.€Supp.)€Title€5,€Subtitle€1,€Courts€and€JudicialÏProceedings€Article.€€Here€the€words€ð ðshall€be€filed€within€15€daysðð€are€used.€ÏIn€each€of€those€sections€the€words€ð ðshall€be€filedðð€or€ð ðshall€be€institutedððÏwithin€a€specified€period€of€time€are€used.€€For€instance,€ðð€5-101€specifies,€ð ðAÏcivil€action€at€law€shall€be€filed€within€three€years€from€the€date€it€accruesÏunless€another€provision€of€the€Code€provides€a€different€period€of€timeÏwithin€which€an€action€shall€be€commenced.ðð€€Section€5-105€provides,€ð ðAnÏaction€for€assault,€battery,€libel,€or€slander€shall€be€filed€within€one€year€fromÏthe€date€it€accrues.ðð€€Section€5-106(c)€states,€ð ðA€prosecution€for€SabbathÏbreaking€or€drunkenness€shall€be€instituted€within€30€days€after€the€offenseÏwas€committed,ðð€while€ðð€5-106(a)€says,€ð ðExcept€as€provided€by€this€section,Ïa€prosecution€for€a€misdemeanor€not€made€punishable€by€confinement€in€theÏpenitentiary€by€statute€shall€be€instituted€within€one€year€after€the€offense€wasÏcommitted.ðð€€Section€5-107€requires€that€ð ð[a]€prosecution€or€suit€for€a€fine,Ïpenalty,€or€forfeiture€shall€be€instituted€within€one€year€after€the€offense€wasÏcommitted.ðð€€The€wording€used€in€these€sections€is€but€little€changed€fromÏthat€previously€appearing€in€Code€(1957)€Art.€57€where,€for€instance,€ðð€12Ïstates,€ð ðAll€actions€or€prosecutions€for€blasphemy€and€Sabbath€breaking,€orÏdrunkenness€shall€be€made€within€one€month€after€the€fact.ðð€€No€one€wouldÏcontend€seriously€that€the€language€of€these€limitations€statutes€is€directoryÏrather€than€mandatory.ÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒòòÓÓId.óó€at€711„12,€410€A.2d€at€590„91.€€We€went€on€to€hold€that:Ð °$  ÐÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà ` àWe€see€this€statute€as€clearly€and€unambiguously€requiring€that€aÏpetition€alleging€delinquency€must€be€filed€within€15€days€after€the€receipt€ofÏa€referral€from€the€intake€officer.€€We€view€this€as€entirely€within€the€schemeÏset€down€in€the€act€for€expediting€juvenile€matters.€€Once€the€issue€of€a€tardyÏfiling€was€raised€here,€dismissal€of€the€delinquency€petition€was€mandated.€ÏThus,€it€is€virtually€the€same€as€the€dismissal€required€in€the€case€of€anÐ °+'' ÐÑ+dO Ñâ +âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ +âÑ  Ñordinary€civil€action€filed€three€years€and€one€day€ð ðfrom€the€date€it€accruesððÏor€a€prosecution€for€assault€(a€common€law€misdemeanor€not€required€byÏstatute€to€be€punished€by€confinement€in€a€penitentiary)€instituted€a€year€andÏa€day€after€the€offense€was€committed.€€This€can€only€mean€dismissal€withÏprejudice.€€We€point€out€that€when€the€General€Assembly€intended€a€dismissalÏunder€the€Intrastate€Detainer€Act€to€be€without€prejudice,€it€said€soÏspecifically.€€See€Code€(1957,€1976€Repl.€Vol.,€1979€Cum.€Supp.)€Art.€27,€ððÏ616S(e).ÌÌà ` àWe€are€told€of€many€problems€that€may€be€created€if€we€hold€thisÏprovision€to€be€mandatory.€€òòWe€do€not€deny€that€such€might€be€the€case,€butÐ °  Ðthe€General€Assembly€is€in€session€and€it€no€doubt€will€take€prompt€correctiveÏaction€if€it€does€not€mean€the€sections€to€be€mandatoryóó.€€It€is€our€duty€toÐ °  Ðinterpret€the€statute€in€accordance€with€the€established€law€of€this€State.ÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒòòÓÓId.óó€at€713„14,€410€A.2d€at€591„92€(emphasis€added).Ð ° Ðà  àAfter€our€decision€in€òòIn€Re:€James€S.óó€was€filed€on€January€29,€1980,€the€legislatureÐ ° Ðimmediately€took€up€the€issue€and€amended€section€3„812(b).€€Chapter€34€of€the€Laws€ofÏMaryland€of€1980€(House€Bill€640)€and€Chapter€304€of€the€Laws€of€Maryland€of€1980Ï(Senate€Bill€318)€both€provided€for€essentially€the€same€language€in€respect€to€amendingÏsection€3„812(b).€€It€was€stated€in€the€title€of€House€Bill€640€that€the€amendment€was,€ð ð[for]Ïthe€purpose€of€altering€the€time€within€which€a€petition€alleging€juvenile€delinquency€shallÏbe€prepared€and€filed€by€a€Stateððs€ò òattorneyó ó€¢Attorney£€.€.€.€.ðð€€Similarly,€the€title€of€Senate€BillÐ °! Ð318€stated€that€œtheññ€ññ›€amendment€was€ð ð[for]€the€purpose€of€increasing€the€time€period€withinÏwhich€the€Stateððs€attorney€is€to€file€a€petition€alleging€delinquency€of€a€juvenile.ðð€€Both€billsÏamended€section€3„812(b);€in€its€new€form,€it€read:ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà ` à(b)€Petitions€alleging€delinquency€or€violation€of€Section€3„831€shallÏbe€prepared€and€filed€by€the€Stateððs€attorney.€€A€petition€alleging€delinquencyÏshall€be€filed€within€òò30€daysóó€after€the€receipt€of€a€referral€from€the€intakeÐ °+'' ÐÑ%dO Ñâ %âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ %âÑ  Ñofficer.€€All€other€petitions€shall€be€prepared€and€filed€by€the€intake€officer.€Ï[Emphasis€added.]Ì€€ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓThe€bills€were€passed€to€provide€the€Stateððs€Attorneys€with€an€additional€fifteen€days€to€fileÏdelinquency€petitions.€€The€General€Assembly€did€not€pass€the€bills€to€change€the€mandatoryÏnature€of€section€3„812(b)€or€it€would€have€stated€that€it€was€not€its€intent€for€the€section€toÏbe€mandatory,€as€this€Court€in€òòIn€Re:€James€Sóó.€had€clearly€invited€the€Legislature€to€do€ifÐ °  Ðthat€were€the€Legislatureððs€intent.Ìññ€€à  àññññà  àññHouse€Bill€640€and€Senate€Bill€318€faced€opposition€even€to€the€proposal€to€extendÏthe€time€for€the€Stateððs€Attorney€to€file€a€delinquency€petition€from€fifteen€to€thirty€daysññ.€€ññññ.€€ññInÏthe€file€for€House€Bill€640,€there€is€a€letter€from€Mrs.€Betty€McShelley,€Chairwoman€of€theÏMontgomery€County€Juvenile€Court€Committee.€€The€letter,€addressed€to€the€HouseÏJudiciary€Committee€stated€that:ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà ` àI€am€writing€on€behalf€of€the€Montgomery€County€Juvenile€CourtÏCommittee€òòin€oppositionóó€to€HB€640€„€Juvenile€Causes€„€Petitions.Ð ° ÐÌà ` àIt€is€the€feeling€of€the€Committee€that€15€days€is€enough€time€for€theÏStateððs€Attorney€to€file€a€delinquency€petition.€€The€additional€25€daysòò[óóññ׃×ññññ׃?×ññÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×òò]óó€willÐ ° Ðonly€serve€to€delay€the€judicial€process€that€has€already€been€criticized€asÏbeing€too€slow.ÌÌà ` àThe€problem€would€seem€to€be€more€appropriately€solved€by€havingÏmore€[¢S]tate£ððs€[¢A]ttorneys£€on€staff€for€the€¢jurisdiction[s£]€that€are€havingÏdifficulties€in€meeting€the€time€limit.€ÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓIn€notes€from€a€meeting€of€the€House€Judiciary€Committee,€James€F.€Lynch€from€theÐ °'## ÐÑ,dO Ñâ ,âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ ,âÑ  ÑAdministrative€Office€of€the€Courts€expressed€the€view€of€the€Maryland€Judicial€ConferenceÏas€not€being€opposed€to€extending€the€limit€to€thirty€days,€but€the€Judicial€Conference€wasÏopposed€to€extending€the€period€to€forty€days€òòand€requested€that€the€requirement€remainÐ ° Ðmandatoryóó.€€Marion€Mattingly,€from€Juvenile€Justice€expressed€that€problems€in€complyingÐ °  Ðwith€the€fifteen„day€requirement€were€isolated€to€Baltimore€City€and€Anne€Arundel€County.€ÏShe€thought€the€fifteen„day€limit€could€be€complied€with€if€the€priorities€of€the€StateððsÏAttorneyððs€office€were€adjusted€to€accommodate€the€fifteen„day€requirement.Ìà  àIn€the€file€for€Senate€Bill€318,€a€letter€from€Sally€Michel,€Chairperson€of€the€StateÏAdvisory€Committee€to€the€Executive€Departmentððs€Office€for€Children€and€Youth,Ïaddressed€to€the€Honorable€Joseph€Owens,€Chairman€of€the€Judiciary€Committee,€statedÏthat:ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà ` àThe€State€Advisory€Committee€to€the€Office€for€Children€and€YouthÏopposes€SB€318,€Juvenile€Causes€„€Delinquency€Petition,€which€extends€theÏtime€period€within€which€the€Stateððs€attorney€is€to€file€a€petition€allegingÏdelinquency€of€a€juvenile.Ìà0 ` àÐ ` Ð ` Ð  Ðà ` àWe€firmly€believe€that€the€current€law€provides€adequate€time€for€theÏStateððs€[¢A]ttorney£€to€file€a€petition€alleging€delinquency€after€reviewing€theÏintake€officerððs€denial€of€such€petition.€€The€child€and€the€public€œare›€bestÏserved€when€action€is€taken€in€an€expeditious€and€reasonable€manner.€ÏExtending€the€time€period€would€only€cause€a€further€delay€in€the€courtÏprocess€if€a€petition€were€to€be€filed.ÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà  àThe€Department€of€Health€and€Mental€Hygiene€made€a€legislative€comment€thatÏstated:ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓThe€Department€of€Health€and€Mental€Hygiene€supports€the€extension€of€theÏfiling€of€a€delinquency€petition€because€of€the€practicality€of€the€StateððsÐ °+'' ÐÑ1dOÑâ 1âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ 1âÑ  ÑAttorneyððs€being€able€to€file€the€petition€within€15€days.€€However,€unlike€theÏadult€system,€the€juvenile€is€served€best€in€the€most€expeditious€process€ofÏcourt€action.€€Therefore,€whenever€possible,€the€petition€should€be€filed€withinÏ15€days€of€the€receipt€of€the€complainantððs€appeal.ÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà  àPeter€S.€Smith,€Director€of€the€Maryland€Juvenile€Law€Clinic,€testified€before€theÏJudicial€Proceedings€Committee.€€While€opposing€an€extension€of€the€time€for€the€StateððsÏAttorney€to€file€a€delinquency€petition,€Mr.€Smith€stated€that€he€would€not€be€opposed€toÏSaturdays,€Sundays,€and€legal€holidays€not€being€included€in€computing€the€fifteen€days.Ìà  àLater,€Chapter€707€of€the€Laws€of€Maryland€of€1989€(House€Bill€924),€added€furtherÏamendment,€by€modifying€section€3„812(b).€€The€purpose€of€the€amendment€was€stated€inÏits€title€as:ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓFORà0 ` àthe€purpose€of€authorizing€the€extension€of€the€time€the€StateððsÐ ° ÐAttorney€has€to€file€a€petition€alleging€that€a€child€is€delinquent;Ïmaking€a€stylistic€change;€and€relating€generally€to€the€filing€ofÏdelinquency€petitions€under€the€laws€relating€to€juvenile€causes.Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓThe€amended€3„812(b)€read:ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà ` à(b)€Petitions€alleging€delinquency€or€violation€of€ðð€3„831€shall€beÏprepared€and€filed€by€the€Stateððs€Attorney.€€A€petition€alleging€delinquencyÏshall€be€filed€within€30€days€after€the€receipt€of€a€referral€from€the€intakeÏofficer,€òòunless€that€time€is€extended€by€the€court€for€good€cause€shownóó.€€AllÐ °! Ðother€petitions€shall€be€prepared€and€filed€by€the€intake€officer.€[EmphasisÏadded.]ÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓThe€Senate€Judicial€Proceedings€Committee€provided€a€bill€analysis€of€House€Bill€924€thatÏstated:ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓSUMMARY€OF€BILL:ÌÌThis€bill€authorizes€a€juvenile€court,€òòfor€good€cause€shownóó,€to€extend€the€30„Ð °+'' ÐÑ-dOÑâ -âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ -âÑ  Ñday€period€during€which€the€Stateððs€Attorney€is€required€to€prepare€and€file€aÏpetition€alleging€delinquency.ÌÌ.€.€.€.ÌÌÌBACKGROUND:ÌÌUnder€current€law,€a€petition€must€allege€that€a€child€is€a€delinquent,€in€needÏof€assistance,€or€in€need€of€supervision.ÌÌIf€the€petition€alleges€delinquency€or€alleges€that€an€adult€willfully€contributedÏto€a€childððs€delinquency,€need€of€supervision,€or€need€of€assistance,€the€StateððsÏAttorney€must€prepare€and€file€the€petition€within€30€days€after€receipt€of€aÏreferral€from€the€intake€officer.€€All€other€petitions€are€prepared€and€filed€byÏthe€intake€officer.ÌÌBy€allowing€the€court€to€extend€the€Stateððs€Attorneyððs€deadline€for€preparingÏand€filing€a€delinquency€petition,€the€bill€allows€these€petitions€to€be€broughtÏeven€if€circumstances€prevent€the€Stateððs€Attorney€from€completing€theÏpetition€within€30€days.€[Emphasis€added.]ÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓWe€note€that€even€though€the€General€Assembly€has€provided€the€Stateððs€Attorney€with€theÏpower€to€request€an€extension€of€time€for€good€cause,€the€General€Assembly€did€not€changeÏthe€mandatory€nature€of€section€3„812(b).Ìà  àIn€analyzing€the€holding€of€òòIn€Re:€James€S.óó,€discussed€òòsupraóó,€and€its€application€toÐ °  Ðamended€section€œ3„812(b),›€and€in€considering€that€the€Legislature€has€not€seen€fit€to€changeÏthe€mandatory€nature€of€the€statute€as€expressed€by€us€in€òòIn€Re:€James€Sóó.,€despite€theÐ °$  Ðinvitation€and€opportunity€to€do€so,€we€are,€in€this€case,€especially€cognizant€of€the€doctrineÏof€òòstare€decisisóó.€€òòBoblitz€v.€Boblitzóó,€296€Md.€242,€273,€462€A.2d€506,€521€(1983)€(ð ðWe€areÐ °($$ Ðmindful€of€the€value€of€the€doctrine€of€òòstare€decisisóó€and€aware€that€for€reasons€of€certaintyÐ °*&& Ðand€stability,€changes€in€decisional€doctrine€ordinarily€should€be€left€to€the€Legislature.ðð),Ïciting€òòHarrison€v.€Montgomery€Countyóó,€295€Md.€442,€456€A.2d€894€(1983);€òòDeems€v.Ð ° ÐWestern€Maryland€Railway€Co.óó,€247€Md.€95,€102,€231€A.2d€514,€518€(1967)€(ð ðA€decisionÐ ° Ðof€a€state€appellate€court€remains€the€law€unless€and€until€it€is€overruled,€not€only€because,Ïon€re„examination,€it€is€generally€believed€to€be€correct€by€the€court€which€made€it,€butÏbecause€of€the€doctrine€of€òòstare€decisis.óó€€However,€òòstare€decisisóó€is€a€policy€rather€than€aÐ °  Ðpresumption.€€Under€that€policy,€for€reasons€of€certainty€and€stability,€changes€in€decisionalÏdoctrine€are€left€to€the€Legislature.ðð);€òòState,€Use€of€Clark€v.€Ferlingóó,€220€Md.€109,€114,€151Ð ° ÐA.2d€137,€140€(1959)€(ð ð[T]he€òòCockingóó€[òòv.€Wadeóó,€87€Md.€529,€40€A.€104€(1898)]€case€wasÐ ° Ðdecided€some€sixty€years€ago,€and,€as€the€legislature€has€not€seen€fit€to€change€the€rulingÏmade€therein,€we€think€it€should€be€followed.ðð);€òòGriffith€v.€Benzingeróó,€144€Md.€575,€597,Ð ° Ð125€A.€512,€520€(1924)€(ð ðThe€doctrine€of€òòstare€decisisóó€is€a€part€of€our€judicial€system,€andÐ ° Ðit€rests€upon€the€principle,€that€the€law€by€which€men€are€governed€should€be€fixed,€definiteÏand€known,€and€that€when€it€is€declared€by€a€court€of€competent€jurisdiction€authorized€toÏconstrue€it,€such€declaration,€in€the€absence€of€palpable€mistake€or€error,€is€itself€evidenceÏof€the€law€until€it€is€changed€by€competent€authority.ðð).Ìà  àConsidering€our€holding€in€òòIn€Re:€James€S.óó€and€the€legislative€amendments€to€sectionÐ °$  Ð3„812(b)€since€that€holding,€we€hold€that€a€Stateððs€Attorney€must€file€a€delinquency€petitionÏwithin€thirty€days€of€receiving€a€referral€from€an€intake€officer€unless,€within€the€thirty„dayÏperiod,€the€Stateððs€Attorney€receives€an€extension€for€good€cause€shown€from€a€court.€Ð °*&& ÐFailure€to€comply€with€the€thirty€day€requirement€must€result€in€the€petition€being€dismissed,Ïwith€prejudice.€€A€totality€of€the€circumstances€analysis€is€inappropriate€and€dismissal€isÏmandatory.€€As€we€have€noted,€we€specifically€invited€the€Legislature€to€address€the€issue€Ïin€òòIn€Re:€James€S.,€óósaying€that€ð ðthe€General€Assembly€is€in€session€and€it€no€doubt€will€takeÐ °  Ðprompt€corrective€action€if€it€does€not€mean€the€sections€to€be€mandatory.ðð€€The€GeneralÏAssembly,€in€session€at€the€time€the€decision€in€òòIn€Re:€James€S.óó€was€filed,€took€up€the€issueÐ °  Ðand€passed€an€amendment€that€increased€the€time€for€the€Stateððs€Attorney€to€file€aÏdelinquency€petition€from€fifteen€to€thirty€days,€but€it€is€clear€that€the€General€Assembly€didÏnot€change€the€mandatory€nature€of€section€3„812(b).€€Since€that€amendment,€the€GeneralÏAssembly€has€amended€section€3„812(b)€authorizing€an€extension€of€the€thirty„day€period,Ïby€a€court,€upon€a€showing€of€good€cause€for€the€extension.€€The€General€Assembly,Ïhowever,€did€not€enact€any€other€changes€in€respect€to€the€appropriateness€of€dismissal€asÏa€sanction€pursuant€œto›€our€holding€inòò€In€Re:€James€Sóó.€€If€anything,€the€extension€for€goodÐ ° Ðcause€amendment,€confirms€our€earlier€òòIn€Re:€James€S.óó€holding.€€€€Ð ° Ðà@ää"ìàò òB.€€Section€5„106ó óˆÐ °  Ðà  àAppellantððs€second€issue€is€that€the€juvenile€court€erred€in€ruling€that€the€statute€ofÏlimitations€did€not€apply€to€his€juvenile€offense€under€petition€399085025.€€In€the€juvenileÏâ âcourt,€appellant€argued€that€petition€399085025€should€be€dismissed€because€it€violatedÐ °&"" Ðsection€5„106(a)ññ׃×ññññ׃A×ññÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€that€section€5„106(b)€was€not€applicable€since€they€were€in€juvenileÐ ° Ðâ âcourt€and€the€juvenile€could€not€be€sent€to€a€penitentiary€as€a€disposition.ññ׃ ×ññññ׃C ×ññÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€At€theÐ ° Ðadjudicatory€hearing,€the€juvenile€court€found€facts€to€sustain€a€finding€of€second€degreeÏassault€under€petition€399085025.€€Second€degree€assault¢ññ׃X×ññññ׃FX×ññÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×£€is€a€misdemeanor.€€The€offenseÐ °  Ðalleged€in€petition€399085025€occurred€on€December€3,€1997.€€The€Stateððs€Attorneyððs€officeÏreceived€the€case€on€January€20,€1999,€and€after€receiving€a€filing€extension€on€February€3,Ï1999,€the€petition€was€filed€on€March€3,€1999.€€The€petition€was€filed€one€year€and€threeÐ °  ÐÑ.dOÑâ .âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ .âÑ  Ñmonths€after€the€incident€occurred€that€generated€this€petition.€€Ìà  àAs€stated,€òòsupraóó,€the€juvenile€court€denied€appellantððs€motion€to€dismiss€petitionÐ ° Ð399085025€on€the€grounds€that€section€5„106€does€not€apply€to€juvenile€cases€based€uponÏthe€purposes€of€the€Juvenile€Causes€Act.€€The€Juvenile€Causes€Act,€which€is€embodied€inÏTitle€3,€Subtitle€8€of€the€Courts€&€Judicial€Proceedings€Article,€has€been€examined€by€thisÏcourt€previously.€€In€òòIn€re€Keith€W.óó,€310€Md.€99,€527€A.2d€35€(1987),€we€stated€that:Ð °  ÐÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà ` àAs€we€see€it,€the€overriding€goal€of€Marylandððs€juvenile€statutoryÏscheme€is€to€rehabilitate€and€treat€delinquent€juveniles€so€that€they€becomeÏuseful€and€productive€members€of€society.€€As€stated€in€part,€the€juvenileÏsubtitle's€purpose€is€ð ð[¢t]o£€provide€for€the€care,€protection,€and€wholesomeÏmental€and€physical€development€of€children€coming€within€[the€subtitleððsÏprovisions];€and€to€provide€for€a€program€of€treatment,€training,€andÏrehabilitation€consistent€with€the€childððs€best€interests€and€the€protection€ofÏthe€public€interest.ðð€€Maryland€Code€(1974,€1984€Repl.€Vol.),€ððÏ3-802(a)(1),òò[óóññ׃'×ññññ׃H×ññÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×òò]óó€Courts€and€Judicial€Proceedings€Article.€€The€subtitle€alsoÐ ° Ðstrives€to€remove€the€taint€of€criminality€and€the€consequences€of€criminalÏbehavior€from€children€who€have€committed€delinquent€acts.€€òòIdóó.€ððÐ ° Ð3-802(a)(2).ÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒòòÓÓIdóó.€at€106,€527€A.2d€at€38€(some€alterations€in€original);€òòsee€In€re€Keith€G.óó,€325€Md.€538,Ð ° ÐÑ&dOÑâ &âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ &âÑ  Ñ542„43,€601€A.2d€1107,€1109„10€(1992);€òòState€v.€In€re€Patrick€A.óó,€312€Md.€482,€487,€540Ð ° ÐA.2d€810,€812€(1988).Ìà  àWhile€this€court€has€held€that€juvenile€proceedings€are€civil€and€not€criminal€inÏnature,€this€does€not€mean€that€a€juvenile€gives€up€all€rights€that€a€person€would€be€entitledÏœto›€in€a€criminal€proceeding.€€In€òòIn€re€Victor€B.óó,€336€Md.€85,€646€A.2d€1012€(1994),€we€statedÐ °  Ðthat:ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà ` àAlthough€juvenile€proceedings€are€not€criminal€in€nature,€the€SupremeÏCourt€has€held€that€many€of€the€constitutional€safeguards€afforded€criminalÏdefendants€are€applicable€to€juveniles.€€This€was€aptly€noted€by€Judge€MoylanÏin€òòIn€re€Devon€T.óó,€85€Md.€App.€674,€584€A.2d€1287€(1991):Ð ° ÐÌà0 ` àUnder€the€initially€prevailing€philosophy€that€the€State€was€acting€inÏdelinquency€cases€as€òòparens€patriaeóó€(sovereign€parent€of€the€country),Ð ° Ðthe€State€was€perceived€to€be€not€the€retributive€punisher€of€the€childÏfor€its€misdeeds€but€the€paternalistic€guardian€of€the€child€for€its€ownÏbest€interests.€€Under€such€a€regime,€the€moral€responsibility€orÏblameworthiness€of€the€child€was€of€no€consequence.€€MorallyÏresponsible€or€not,€the€child€was€in€apparent€need€of€the€StateððsÏrehabilitative€intervention€and€the€delinquency€adjudication€was€butÏthe€avenue€for€such€intervention.Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌ€à@   ìà*€€€*€€€*€€€*€€€*€€€*ˆÐ ° ÐÌà0 ` àOver€the€course€of€the€century,€however,€buffeted€by€unanticipatedÏurban€deterioration€and€staggering€case€loads,€the€reforming€vision€ofÏJudge€Julian€Mack€and€the€other€founders€of€the€movement€faded.€ÏAlthough€continuing€to€stress€rehabilitation€over€retribution€moreÏheavily€than€did€the€adult€criminal€courts,€delinquency€adjudicationsÏnonetheless€took€on,€in€practice€if€not€in€theory,€many€of€the€attributesÏof€junior€varsity€criminal€trials.€€The€Supreme€Court,€in€òòIn€re€Gaultóó,Ð °'## Ð387€U.S.€1,€87€S.€Ct.€1428,€18€L.€Ed.€2d€527€(1967),€and€òòIn€reÐ °($$ ÐWinshipóó,€397€U.S.€358,€90€S.€Ct.€1068,€25€L.€Ed.€2d€368€(1970),Ð °)%% Ðacknowledged€this€slow€but€inexorable€transformation€of€the€juvenileÏcourt€apparatus€into€one€with€increasingly€penal€overtones.€€ItÐ °+'' Ðultimately€guaranteed,€therefore,€a€juvenile€charged€with€delinquencyÏmost€of€the€due€process€protections€afforded€an€adult€charged€withÏcrime.€€Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌòòId.óó€85€Md.€App.€at€682-84,€584€A.2d€at€1291.Ð ° ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒòòÓÓId.óó€at€91„92,€646€A.2d€at€1015€(footnote€omitted);€òòseeóó€òòIn€re€Winshipóó,€397€U.S.€358,€365„66,Ð °  Ð90€S.€Ct.€1068,€1073,€25€L.€Ed.€2d€368,€376€(1970)€(ð ð[C]ivil€labels€and€good€intentions€doÏnot€themselves€obviate€the€need€for€criminal€due€process€safeguards€in€juvenile€courts€.€.€.Ï.ðð);€òòIn€re€Gaultóó,€387€U.S.€1,€87€S.€Ct.€1428,€18€L.€Ed.€2d€527€(1967)€(holding€that€a€juvenileÐ °  Ðis€entitled€to€adequate€notice€of€charges,€right€to€assistance€of€counsel,€the€privilege€againstÏself„incrimination,€a€hearing€up€to€essentials€of€due€process€and€fair€treatment€standards,€andÏthe€right€to€confront€and€cross„examine€witnesses);€òòsee€also€In€Interest€of€C.T.óó,€582€S.2dÐ ° Ð1245,€1246€(Fla.€Dist.€App.€4th€Dist.€1991)€(holding€that€a€juvenile€could€not€be€convictedÏof€disorderly€intoxication€where€he€was€charged€with€attempted€battery€on€a€lawÏenforcement€officer;€disorderly€intoxication€was€not€lesser€included€offense€and€convictionÏof€crime€not€charged€violated€constitutional€due€process€as€well€as€the€constitutional€rightÏof€an€accused€to€be€informed€of€the€nature€and€cause€of€cases;€and€evidence€which€violatesÏchildððs€constitutional€rights€may€not€be€admitted);€òòIn€Interest€of€Doeóó,€79€Haw.€265,€272,€900Ð °" ÐP.2d€1332,€1339€(Haw.€App.€1995)€(holding€that€while€juvenile€proceedings,€in€which€theÏjuvenile€is€alleged€to€have€committed€an€act€which€would€constitute€crime€if€juvenile€wereÏadult,€are€not€criminal€cases,€they€are€treated€in€many€respects€like€criminal€cases€whereÏnecessary€and€appropriate€and€they€must€measure€up€to€the€essentials€of€due€process€and€fairÐ °*&& Ðtreatment;€proceedings€are€subjected€on€appeal€to€substantial€evidence€standard€applied€toÏappeals€from€criminal€convictions;€rules€of€evidence€in€criminal€cases€are€applicable;€andÏevidence€which€violates€childððs€constitutional€rights€may€not€be€admitted);òò€State€v.€Smithóó,Ð ° Ð546€N.W.2d€916,€920€(Iowa€1996)€(holding€that€juveniles€in€custody€at€time€of€interviewÏby€law€enforcement€officials€are€entitled€to€full€complement€of€constitutional€rights€affordedÏby€òòMirandaóó,€as€well€as€to€additional€state€statutory€and€court€rules€setting€forth€proceduralÐ °  Ðsafeguards€applicable€to€juvenile€justice€proceedings);€òòIn€the€Matter€of€M.R.R.óó,€929€S.W.2dÐ °  Ð687,€688€(Tex.€App.€San€Antonio€1996)€(Tex.€Fam.€Code€Ann.,€sec.€54.03(b),€the€courtÏstated€that€at€the€beginning€of€an€adjudication€hearing,€a€judge€must€explain,€among€otherÏthings,€the€childððs€privilege€against€self„incrimination,€the€childððs€right€to€trial€and€toÏconfront€witnesses,€the€childððs€right€to€representation€by€an€attorney,€and€the€childððs€rightÏto€a€trial€by€jury).€€The€Court€of€Special€Appeals€has€held€that€juveniles€are€entitled€to€theÏright€to€a€speedy€trial.€€òòIn€re€Thomas€J.óó,€132€Md.€App.€396,€403,€752€A.2d€699,€702€(2000)Ð ° Ð(ð ðMaryland,€as€well€as€other€jurisdictions,€have€held€that€the€Sixth€Amendment€right€to€aÏspeedy€trial€is€applicable€to€juvenile€proceedings.ðð);€òòBerryman€v.€Stateóó,€94€Md.€App.€414,Ð °  Ð420,€617€A.2d€1120,€1123€(1993)€(ð ð[W]e€conclude€that€the€6th€Amendment€right€to€a€speedyÏtrial€is€applicable€to€juvenile€proceedings.€€Moreover,€the€right€to€a€speedy€trial€is€alsoÏguaranteed€by€Art.€21€of€the€Maryland€Declaration€of€Rights.ðð).Ìà  àWhile€we€have€never€addressed€the€issue€of€whether€the€statute€of€limitations€fromÏcriminal€proceedings€are€applicable€to€juvenile€proceedings,€other€jurisdictions€have€statutesÐ °*&& Ðthat€make€the€general€statute€of€limitations€for€offenses€applicable€to€juvenile€proceedingsÏor€their€courts€have€held€that€the€statute€of€limitations€for€criminal€offenses€are€applicableÏin€juvenile€proceedings.€€òòSeeóó€òòPeople€In€the€Interest€of€M.T.óó,€950€P.2d€669,€670„71€(Colo.Ð ° ÐApp.€1997)€(ð ðThe€court€based€its€ruling€on€19„2„104(6),€C.R.S.€1997,€which€states:€ððTheÏjuvenile€court€may€retain€jurisdiction€over€a€juvenile€until€all€orders€have€been€fullyÏcomplied€with€by€such€person,€or€any€pending€cases€have€been€completed,€or€the€statute€ofÏlimitations€applicable€to€any€offense€which€may€be€charged€has€run,€regardless€of€whetherÏsuch€person€has€attained€the€age€of€eighteen€years,€and€regardless€of€the€age€of€suchÏperson.ðððð);€òòState€v.€J.C.óó,€677€S.2d€959,€960€(Fla.€Dist.€App.€2nd€Dist.€1996)€(ð ðSince€appelleeÐ ° Ðwas€never€ððtaken€into€custodyðð€within€the€meaning€of€section€39.01(51),€Florida€StatutesÏ(1993),€and€the€delinquency€petition€was€filed€approximately€seven€months€after€theÏincident,€well€within€the€two„year€statute€of€limitations€for€battery,€we€decline€to€hold€thatÏappellee€was€so€prejudiced€by€a€seven„month€delay€in€filing€to€justify€dismissal.ðð);€òòState€v.Ð ° ÐGammonóó,€519€A.2d€721,€722€(Me.€1987)€(ð ðLimitations€upon€the€commencement€ofÐ ° Ðprosecution€against€a€juvenile€shall€be€the€same€as€those€provided€for€adults€.€.€.€.ðð);€òòStateÐ °  Ðin€the€Interest€of€B.H.óó,€112€N.J.€Super€1,€5,€270€A.2d€72,€74€(1970)€(ð ðThe€defense€of€theÐ °" Ðstatute€of€limitations,€being€substantive,€should€be€available€to€juveniles€where€the€complaintÏalleges€the€commission€of€an€adult€criminal€or€penal€offense.ðð);€òòIn€the€Matter€of€G.M.P.óó,€909Ð °&"" ÐS.W.2d€198,€204€(Tex.€App.€Houston€1995)€(ð ðThe€State€may€prove€that€the€offense€wasÏcommitted€before,€on,€or€after€the€alleged€date,€provided€the€date€proved€is€a€date€prior€toÐ °*&& Ðthe€date€of€the€indictment,€and€is€within€the€statute€of€limitations.ðð).Ìà  àWe€have€stated,€òòsupraóó,€that€the€intent€of€the€Juvenile€Causes€act€is€to€rehabilitate€andÐ ° Ðtreat€juvenile€delinquents€so€that€they€become€useful€and€productive€members€of€society.€ÏApplying€the€statute€of€limitations€would€only€seem€to€further€this€objective€by€making€sureÏthat€juvenile€actions€quickly€proceed€to€adjudication,€so€that€if€a€juvenile€needsÏrehabilitation,€it€will€be€provided€in€an€expeditious€manner.€€When€a€juvenile€is€in€his€or€her€Ïformative€years,€it€would€seem€that€if€the€juvenile€is€a€delinquent,€the€quicker€that€theÏjuvenile€can€be€treated€and€rehabilitated,€the€better€it€is€for€the€juvenile€and€for€society€atÏlarge.Ìà  àWe€hold€that,€in€juvenile€proceedings,€where€the€offense€would€be€a€misdemeanorÏunder€the€purview€of€section€5„106(a)€in€an€adult€criminal€proceeding,€section€5„106(a)Ïapplies€to€the€juvenile€proceeding,€unless€there€is€some€other€statute€providing€a€differentÏperiod€of€limitations,€in€which€event€the€different€statute€applies€in€juvenile€proceedings.€ÏHowever,€if€the€offense€in€the€juvenile€proceeding€is€an€offense,€where,€in€an€adult€criminalÏproceeding€the€specific€statute€provides€that€the€misdemeanor€is€punishable€by€imprisonmentÏin€the€penitentiary,€then€section€5„106(b)€generally€controls€and€the€State€may€institute€aÏprosecution€for€the€offense€at€any€time€(provided€it€meets€all€of€the€provisions€of€the€juvenileÏstatutes,€including€charge€filing€deadlines).€€€Ìà  àAs€we€have€previously€said€in€respect€to€section€5„106(b),€the€specific€misdemeanorÏstatute€must€explicitly€state€that€the€misdemeanor€is€punishable€by€imprisonment€in€theÐ °*&& Ðpenitentiary€in€order€for€it€to€be€a€ð ðpenitentiary€misdemeanor.ðð€€We€stated€that€ð ð[¢i]t£€is€theÏspecific€statutory€authorization€of€imprisonment€in€the€penitentiary€(even€as€an€alternativeÏto€other€forms€of€punishment),€and€not€the€punishment€actually€imposed,€which€determinedÏwhether€the€unlimited€period€or€the€one€year€period€of€the€statute€should€be€applicable.ðð€ÏòòMassey€v.€Stateóó,€320€Md.€605,€611,€579€A.2d€265,€268€(1990).€€To€see€an€example€of€theÐ °  Ðrequired€language,€òòseeóó€Maryland€Code€(1957,€1996€Repl.€Vol.,€2000€Supp.),€Article€27,Ð °  Ðsection€8(b)(2),€which€states€that€ð ð[a]€person€who€violates€this€subsection€is€guilty€of€aÏmisdemeanor€and€on€conviction€is€subject€to€imprisonment€in€the€penitentiary€.€.€.€.ðð¢ññ׃=×ññññ׃J×ññÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú11Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×£€€AsÐ ° Ðstated,€òòsupraóó,€appellant€contends€that€section€5„106(b)€is€not€applicable€since€a€juvenileÐ ° Ðcannot€be€sent€to€a€penitentiary€as€a€disposition.€€Appellant€fails€to€realize€that€section€5„¼106(b)€does€not€apply€to€the€misdemeanor€of€second€degree€assault€in€the€first€instance.€€TheÏstatute€for€second€degree€assault€does€not€explicitly€state€that€second€degree€assault€isÏpunishable€by€imprisonment€in€the€penitentiary.òò€€See,€supraóó,€note€9.€€Accordingly,€sectionÐ ° Ð5„106(a)€applies.€€Ìà  àBy€way€of€further€explanation,€we€note€that€many,€if€not€all,€of€the€offenses€providingÏfor€sentencing€to€the€penitentiary€are€not€of€the€most€modern€vintage.€€Subsequent€to€theÏenactment€of€most,€if€not€all,€of€the€penitentiary€misdemeanor€statutes,€the€General€AssemblyÏenacted€Article€27,€section€690(e),ññ׃:×ññññ׃L×ññÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú12Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€which€provides€in€relevant€part:€ð ðWhenever€.€.€.Ð °  Ðreference€is€made€to€the€sentencing€.€.€.€of€prisoners€to€any€of€the€institutions€enumerated€inÏðð€689€[the€enumeration€includes€the€Maryland€Penitentiary],€such€reference€shall€.€.€.€beÏconstrued€to€mean€sentencing€.€.€.€to€the€jurisdiction€of€the€[Division]€rather€than€to€anyÏparticular€institution€.€.€.€.ððññ׃D×ññññ׃N×ññÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú13Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð ° Ðà  àStanding€by€itself,€such€provision€might€be€considered€to€have€abolished€ð ðpenitentiaryÏmisdemeanors.ðð€€However,€in€subsequently€enacted€amendments€to€section€5„106,€theÏmisdemeanor€limitation€statute,€the€most€recent€amendment€being€effective€January€1,€1999,Ïthe€General€Assembly€has€clearly€indicated€that€its€intent€is€not€to€abolish€penitentiaryÏmisdemeanors.€€Section€5„106(b)€specifically€commences€with€the€qualifying€phrase,Ïð ðNotwithstanding€ðð€9„103(a)(3)€of€the€Correctional€Services€Article€or€any€other€provisionÏof€the€œCodeññ€ññ›€.€.€.€.ðð€€Therefore,€section€5„106(b)€provides€that€òòonlyóó€in€respect€to€those€offensesÐ °" Ðthat€constitute€ð ðpenitentiary€misdemeanors,ðð€òòi.e.óó,€where€a€specific€statute€provides€thatÐ °$  ÐÑ0dOÑâ 0âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ 0âÑ  Ñmisdemeanors€may€be€punishable€by€incarceration€in€the€penitentiary,€is€there€no€statute€ofÏlimitations.€€All€other€misdemeanors€are€governed€by€other€statutes,€generally€by€section€5„¼106(a),€which€provides€that€prosecution€of€all€such€misdemeanors€must€commence€withinÏone€year€of€the€date€of€the€commission€of€the€offense.Ìà  àAt€the€time€we€decided€òòMassey€v.€Stateóó,€the€limitation€statute€that€existed€providedÐ °  Ðin€section€5„106(a),€that€ð ðExcept€as€provided€by€this€section,€a€prosecution€for€aÏmisdemeanor€not€made€punishable€by€confinement€in€the€penitentiary€by€statute€shall€beÏinstituted€within€one€year€.€.€.€.ðð€€In€òòMasseyóó,€320€Md.€at€621,€579€A.2d€at€272„73,€we€held,Ð ° Ðin€construing€the€effect€of€Article€27,€section€690(e),€thatÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓð ð[¢t]he£€former€reference€to€the€ððpenitentiaryðð€is€not€simply€unamendedÏlanguage€which€has€become€obsolete€for€sentencing€purposes.€Rather,€theÏword€ð ðpenitentiaryðð€had€been€amended€out€of€the€statute.ððÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà  àEarlier€in€our€discussion€in€òòMasseyóó,€320€Md.€at€620,€579€A.2d€at€272,€we€stated,Ð ° Ðconcerning€the€provision€then€in€section€5„106(a)€œññ€ññexcepting›€penitentiary€misdemeanors€fromÏthe€one„year€limitation€provision,€thatÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓð ðIf€the€Legislature€today€were€to€provide€that,€notwithstanding€Art.€27,€ðð€690,Ïa€particular€offense€should€be€punished€by€confinement€in€the€penitentiary,€theÏexception€in€section€5„106(a)€would€be€fully€operative€with€regard€to€thatÏoffense.ððÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓà  àApparently,€the€Legislature€did€just€what€we€discussed,€even€using€our€language,€byÏenacting€Chapter€371€of€the€Laws€of€Maryland€of€1991€(House€Bill€396).€€Its€title€clauseÏprovided:ÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓFORà0 ` àthe€purpose€of€.€.€.€òòòòestablishing€that€notwithstanding€Article€27,€ððÐ °+'' ÐÑ3dOÑâ 3âÑ°°ÑÑ°°Ñâ 3âÑ  Ñ690(e)€of€the€Code€or€the€decision€of€the€Court€in€Massey€v.€State,€320ÏMd.€605,€579€A.2d€265€(1990),€if€a€statute€provides€that€aÏmisdemeanor€is€punishable€by€imprisonment€in€the€penitentiary,€theÏState€may€institute€a€prosecution€for€the€offense€at€any€timeóóóó;€.€.€.€andÐ ° Ðgenerally€relating€to€penitentiary€misdemeanors.Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓÓIt€then€took€the€penitentiary€misdemeanor€exception€out€of€section€5„106(a)€and€put€it€in€aÏseparate€section€5„106(b),€in€its€present€form,€including€the€ð ðnotwithstandingðð€language€weÏhad€mentioned€in€òòMassey€v.€Stateóó.Ð °  Ðà  àIt€is€clear€that€the€Legislature€intended€to€maintain€a€distinction€between€penitentiaryÏmisdemeanors,€and€other€misdemeanors,€and,€moreover,€intended€that€there€be€no€statute€ofÏlimitations€in€respect€to€penitentiary€misdemeanors,€and€a€general€one„year€statute€ofÏlimitations€for€all€other€misdemeanors,€except€to€the€extent€that€other€parts€of€section€5„106Ïor€other€statutes€may€provide€a€different€limitations€period€in€respect€to€a€specific€offense.ññ׃2×ññññ׃P×ññÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú14Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Р° ÐIn€this€case,€petition€399085025€brought€charges€against€appellant€based€on€second€degreeÏassault€which€is€a€misdemeanor€punishable€in€an€adult€criminal€proceeding€by€a€fine€of€notÏmore€than€$2,500€or€imprisonment€for€not€more€than€ten€years€or€both.€€But,€as€we€haveÏindicated,€the€statute,€in€respect€to€second€degree€assault,€does€not€provide€for€a€sentence€inÏthe€penitentiary.€€Accordingly,€the€general€one„year€statute€of€limitations€for€misdemeanorsÏapplies.Ð °$  Ðà@%ìàò òCONCLUSIONó óˆÐ ° Ðà  àThe€findings€of€the€trial€court€in€proceeding€399021021€are€vacated.€€The€proceedingÏis€remanded€to€the€trial€court€with€instructions€to€dismiss€the€proceeding€for€failure€of€theÏState€to€file€charges€within€thirty€days€of€receipt€of€the€referral.Ìà  àIn€proceeding€399085025,€we€hold€that€the€statute€of€limitations€applicable€to€adultÏcriminal€misdemeanor€offenses€is€likewise€applicable€to€juvenile€offenses€in€delinquencyÏactions.€€It€is€to€be€applied€in€respect€to€the€nature€of€the€misdemeanor€offense,€not€the€ageÏof€the€alleged€offender.€€In€other€words,€statutes€of€limitation€applicable€to€criminal€offenses,Ïincluding€section€5„106€shall€apply€in€juvenile€causes.€€Generally,€section€5„106(a)€appliesÏto€offenses€for€which€a€statute€does€not€provide€for€incarceration€in€a€penitentiary,€and,Ïgenerally,€section€5„106(b)€shall€apply,€even€in€juvenile€causes,€to€acts,€which,€if€committedÏby€an€adult,€fall€under€a€statute€stating€that€the€misdemeanor€is€punishable€by€imprisonmentÏin€the€penitentiary.€€Ìà  àThe€findings€of€the€trial€court€in€proceeding€399085025€are€vacated.€€The€proceedingÏis€remanded€to€the€trial€court€with€instructions€to€dismiss€the€proceeding€for€failure€of€theÏState€to€bring€prosecution€within€one€year€after€the€offense€was€committed.€€ÌÓÓ€€à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àò òJUDGMENT€OF€THE€CIRCUIT€COURTÐ °$  ÐFOR€BALTIMORE€CITY€REVERSED;ÏCASE€TO€BE€REMANDED€FOR€FURTHERÏPROCEEDINGS€CONSISTENT€WITH€THISÏOPINION€AND€OUR€CONCLUSION;ÏCOSTS€TO€BE€PAID€BY€THE€MAYOR€ANDÏCITY€COUNCIL€OF€BALTIMORE.ó 󀀜Ô†ÿÿÔÔ†ÿÿÔÔ  ÔÔ  Ôñ‹ñ›