Laws: Cases and Codes : U.S. Code : Title 42
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U.S. Code as of:
01/19/04
Chapter 21 - Notes
SUBCHAPTER I - GENERALLY
Sec.
1981. Equal rights under the law.
(a) Statement of equal rights.
(b) "Make and enforce contracts" defined.
(c) Protection against impairment.
1981a. Damages in cases of intentional discrimination in
employment.
(a) Right of recovery.
(b) Compensatory and punitive damages.
(c) Jury trial.
(d) Definitions.
1982. Property rights of citizens.
1983. Civil action for deprivation of rights.
1984. Omitted.
1985. Conspiracy to interfere with civil rights.
(1) Preventing officer from performing duties.
(2) Obstructing justice; intimidating party,
witness, or juror.
(3) Depriving persons of rights or privileges.
1986. Action for neglect to prevent.
1987. Prosecution of violation of certain laws.
1988. Proceedings in vindication of civil rights.
(a) Applicability of statutory and common law.
(b) Attorney's fees.
(c) Expert fees.
1989. United States magistrate judges; appointment of
persons to execute warrants.
1990. Marshal to obey precepts; refusing to receive or
execute process.
1991. Fees; persons appointed to execute process.
1992. Speedy trial.
1993. Repealed.
1994. Peonage abolished.
1995. Criminal contempt proceedings; penalties; trial by
jury.
1996. Protection and preservation of traditional
religions of Native Americans.
1996a. Traditional Indian religious use of peyote.
(a) Congressional findings and declarations.
(b) Use, possession, or transportation of
peyote.
(c) Definitions.
(d) Protection of rights of Indians and Indian
tribes.
1996b. Interethnic adoption.
(1) Prohibited conduct.
(2) Enforcement.
(3) No effect on Indian Child Welfare Act of
1978.
SUBCHAPTER I-A - INSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS
1997. Definitions.
1997a. Initiation of civil actions.
(a) Discretionary authority of Attorney General;
preconditions.
(b) Discretionary award of attorney fees.
(c) Attorney General to personally sign
complaint.
1997b. Certification requirements; Attorney General to
personally sign certification.
1997c. Intervention in actions.
(a) Discretionary authority of Attorney General;
preconditions; time period.
(b) Certification requirements by Attorney
General.
(c) Attorney General to personally sign motion
to intervene.
(d) Discretionary award of attorney fees; other
award provisions unaffected.
1997d. Prohibition of retaliation.
1997e. Suits by prisoners.
(a) Applicability of administrative remedies.
(b) Failure of State to adopt or adhere to
administrative grievance procedure.
(c) Dismissal.
(d) Attorney's fees.
(e) Limitation on recovery.
(f) Hearings.
(g) Waiver of reply.
(h) "Prisoner" defined.
1997f. Report to Congress.
1997g. Priorities for use of funds.
1997h. Notice to Federal departments.
1997i. Disclaimer respecting standards of care.
1997j. Disclaimer respecting private litigation.
SUBCHAPTER II - PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS
2000a. Prohibition against discrimination or segregation
in places of public accommodation.
(a) Equal access.
(b) Establishments affecting interstate commerce
or supported in their activities by State
action as places of public accommodation;
lodgings; facilities principally engaged in
selling food for consumption on the
premises; gasoline stations; places of
exhibition or entertainment; other covered
establishments.
(c) Operations affecting commerce; criteria;
"commerce" defined.
(d) Support by State action.
(e) Private establishments.
2000a-1. Prohibition against discrimination or segregation
required by any law, statute, ordinance,
regulation, rule or order of a State or State
agency.
2000a-2. Prohibition against deprivation of, interference
with, and punishment for exercising rights and
privileges secured by section 2000a or 2000a-1 of
this title.
2000a-3. Civil actions for injunctive relief.
(a) Persons aggrieved; intervention by Attorney
General; legal representation; commencement
of action without payment of fees, costs,
or security.
(b) Attorney's fees; liability of United States
for costs.
(c) State or local enforcement proceedings;
notification of State or local authority;
stay of Federal proceedings.
(d) References to Community Relations Service to
obtain voluntary compliance; duration of
reference; extension of period.
2000a-4. Community Relations Service; investigations and
hearings; executive session; release of
testimony; duty to bring about voluntary
settlements.
2000a-5. Civil actions by the Attorney General.
(a) Complaint.
(b) Three-judge district court for cases of
general public importance: hearing,
determination, expedition of action, review
by Supreme Court; single judge district
court: hearing, determination, expedition
of action.
2000a-6. Jurisdiction; exhaustion of other remedies;
exclusiveness of remedies; assertion of rights
based on other Federal or State laws and pursuit
of remedies for enforcement of such rights.
SUBCHAPTER III - PUBLIC FACILITIES
2000b. Civil actions by the Attorney General.
(a) Complaint; certification; institution of
civil action; relief requested;
jurisdiction; impleading additional parties
as defendants.
(b) Persons unable to initiate and maintain
legal proceedings.
2000b-1. Liability of United States for costs and
attorney's fee.
2000b-2. Personal suits for relief against discrimination
in public facilities.
2000b-3. "Complaint" defined.
SUBCHAPTER IV - PUBLIC EDUCATION
2000c. Definitions.
2000c-1. Omitted.
2000c-2. Technical assistance in preparation, adoption, and
implementation of plans for desegregation of
public schools.
2000c-3. Training institutes; stipends; travel allowances.
2000c-4. Grants for inservice training in dealing with and
for employment of specialists to advise in
problems incident to desegregation; factors for
consideration in making grants and fixing
amounts, terms, and conditions.
2000c-5. Payments; adjustments; advances or reimbursement;
installments.
2000c-6. Civil actions by the Attorney General.
(a) Complaint; certification; notice to school
board or college authority; institution of
civil action; relief requested;
jurisdiction; transportation of pupils to
achieve racial balance; judicial power to
insure compliance with constitutional
standards; impleading additional parties as
defendants.
(b) Persons unable to initiate and maintain
legal proceedings.
(c) "Parent" and "complaint" defined.
2000c-7. Liability of United States for costs.
2000c-8. Personal suits for relief against discrimination
in public education.
2000c-9. Classification and assignment.
SUBCHAPTER V - FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS
2000d. Prohibition against exclusion from participation
in, denial of benefits of, and discrimination
under federally assisted programs on ground of
race, color, or national origin.
2000d-1. Federal authority and financial assistance to
programs or activities by way of grant, loan, or
contract other than contract of insurance or
guaranty; rules and regulations; approval by
President; compliance with requirements; reports
to Congressional committees; effective date of
administrative action.
2000d-2. Judicial review; administrative procedure
provisions.
2000d-3. Construction of provisions not to authorize
administrative action with respect to employment
practices except where primary objective of
Federal financial assistance is to provide
employment.
2000d-4. Federal authority and financial assistance to
programs or activities by way of contract of
insurance or guaranty.
2000d-4a. "Program or activity" and "program" defined.
2000d-5. Prohibited deferral of action on applications by
local educational agencies seeking Federal funds
for alleged noncompliance with Civil Rights Act.
2000d-6. Policy of United States as to application of
nondiscrimination provisions in schools of local
educational agencies.
(a) Declaration of uniform policy.
(b) Nature of uniformity.
(c) Prohibition of construction for diminution
of obligation for enforcement or compliance
with nondiscrimination requirements.
(d) Additional funds.
2000d-7. Civil rights remedies equalization.
(a) General provision.
(b) Effective date.
SUBCHAPTER VI - EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
2000e. Definitions.
2000e-1. Applicability to foreign and religious employment.
(a) Inapplicability of subchapter to certain
aliens and employees of religious entities.
(b) Compliance with statute as violative of
foreign law.
(c) Control of corporation incorporated in
foreign country.
2000e-2. Unlawful employment practices.
(a) Employer practices.
(b) Employment agency practices.
(c) Labor organization practices.
(d) Training programs.
(e) Businesses or enterprises with personnel
qualified on basis of religion, sex, or
national origin; educational institutions
with personnel of particular religion.
(f) Members of Communist Party or
Communist-action or Communist-front
organizations.
(g) National security.
(h) Seniority or merit system; quantity or
quality of production; ability tests;
compensation based on sex and authorized by
minimum wage provisions.
(i) Businesses or enterprises extending
preferential treatment to Indians.
(j) Preferential treatment not to be granted on
account of existing number or percentage
imbalance.
(k) Burden of proof in disparate impact cases.
(l) Prohibition of discriminatory use of test
scores.
(m) Impermissible consideration of race, color,
religion, sex, or national origin in
employment practices.
(n) Resolution of challenges to employment
practices implementing litigated or consent
judgments or orders.
2000e-3. Other unlawful employment practices.
(a) Discrimination for making charges,
testifying, assisting, or participating in
enforcement proceedings.
(b) Printing or publication of notices or
advertisements indicating prohibited
preference, limitation, specification, or
discrimination; occupational qualification
exception.
2000e-4. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
(a) Creation; composition; political
representation; appointment; term;
vacancies; Chairman and Vice Chairman;
duties of Chairman; appointment of
personnel; compensation of personnel.
(b) General Counsel; appointment; term; duties;
representation by attorneys and Attorney
General.
(c) Exercise of powers during vacancy; quorum.
(d) Seal; judicial notice.
(e) Reports to Congress and the President.
(f) Principal and other offices.
(g) Powers of Commission.
(h) Cooperation with other departments and
agencies in performance of educational or
promotional activities; outreach
activities.
(i) Personnel subject to political activity
restrictions.
(j) Technical Assistance Training Institute.
(k) EEOC Education, Technical Assistance, and
Training Revolving Fund.
2000e-5. Enforcement provisions.
(a) Power of Commission to prevent unlawful
employment practices.
(b) Charges by persons aggrieved or member of
Commission of unlawful employment practices
by employers, etc.; filing; allegations;
notice to respondent; contents of notice;
investigation by Commission; contents of
charges; prohibition on disclosure of
charges; determination of reasonable cause;
conference, conciliation, and persuasion
for elimination of unlawful practices;
prohibition on disclosure of informal
endeavors to end unlawful practices; use of
evidence in subsequent proceedings;
penalties for disclosure of information;
time for determination of reasonable cause.
(c) State or local enforcement proceedings;
notification of State or local authority;
time for filing charges with Commission;
commencement of proceedings.
(d) State or local enforcement proceedings;
notification of State or local authority;
time for action on charges by Commission.
(e) Time for filing charges; time for service of
notice of charge on respondent; filing of
charge by Commission with State or local
agency; seniority system.
(f) Civil action by Commission, Attorney
General, or person aggrieved;
preconditions; procedure; appointment of
attorney; payment of fees, costs, or
security; intervention; stay of Federal
proceedings; action for appropriate
temporary or preliminary relief pending
final disposition of charge; jurisdiction
and venue of United States courts;
designation of judge to hear and determine
case; assignment of case for hearing;
expedition of case; appointment of master.
(g) Injunctions; appropriate affirmative action;
equitable relief; accrual of back pay;
reduction of back pay; limitations on
judicial orders.
(h) Provisions of chapter 6 of title 29 not
applicable to civil actions for prevention
of unlawful practices.
(i) Proceedings by Commission to compel
compliance with judicial orders.
(j) Appeals.
(k) Attorney's fee; liability of Commission and
United States for costs.
2000e-6. Civil actions by the Attorney General.
(a) Complaint.
(b) Jurisdiction; three-judge district court for
cases of general public importance:
hearing, determination, expedition of
action, review by Supreme Court; single
judge district court: hearing,
determination, expedition of action.
(c) Transfer of functions, etc., to Commission;
effective date; prerequisite to transfer;
execution of functions by Commission.
(d) Transfer of functions, etc., not to affect
suits commenced pursuant to this section
prior to date of transfer.
(e) Investigation and action by Commission
pursuant to filing of charge of
discrimination; procedure.
2000e-7. Effect on State laws.
2000e-8. Investigations.
(a) Examination and copying of evidence related
to unlawful employment practices.
(b) Cooperation with State and local agencies
administering State fair employment
practices laws; participation in and
contribution to research and other
projects; utilization of services; payment
in advance or reimbursement; agreements and
rescission of agreements.
(c) Execution, retention, and preservation of
records; reports to Commission; training
program records; appropriate relief from
regulation or order for undue hardship;
procedure for exemption; judicial action to
compel compliance.
(d) Consultation and coordination between
Commission and interested State and Federal
agencies in prescribing recordkeeping and
reporting requirements; availability of
information furnished pursuant to
recordkeeping and reporting requirements;
conditions on availability.
(e) Prohibited disclosures; penalties.
2000e-9. Conduct of hearings and investigations pursuant to
section 161 of title 29.
2000e-10. Posting of notices; penalties.
2000e-11. Veterans' special rights or preference.
2000e-12. Regulations; conformity of regulations with
administrative procedure provisions; reliance on
interpretations and instructions of Commission.
2000e-13. Application to personnel of Commission of sections
111 and 1114 of title 18; punishment for
violation of section 1114 of title 18.
2000e-14. Equal Employment Opportunity Coordinating Council;
establishment; composition; duties; report to
President and Congress.
2000e-15. Presidential conferences; acquaintance of
leadership with provisions for employment rights
and obligations; plans for fair administration;
membership.
2000e-16. Employment by Federal Government.
(a) Discriminatory practices prohibited;
employees or applicants for employment
subject to coverage.
(b) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission;
enforcement powers; issuance of rules,
regulations, etc.; annual review and
approval of national and regional equal
employment opportunity plans; review and
evaluation of equal employment opportunity
programs and publication of progress
reports; consultations with interested
parties; compliance with rules,
regulations, etc.; contents of national and
regional equal employment opportunity
plans; authority of Librarian of Congress.
(c) Civil action by employee or applicant for
employment for redress of grievances; time
for bringing of action; head of department,
agency, or unit as defendant.
(d) Section 2000e-5(f) through (k) of this title
applicable to civil actions.
(e) Government agency or official not relieved
of responsibility to assure
nondiscrimination in employment or equal
employment opportunity.
2000e-16a. Short title; purpose; definition.
(a) Short title.
(b) Purpose.
(c) "Violation" defined.
2000e-16b. Discriminatory practices prohibited.
(a) Practices.
(b) Remedies.
2000e-16c. Coverage of previously exempt State employees.
(a) Application.
(b) Enforcement by administrative action.
(c) Judicial review.
(d) Standard of review.
(e) Attorney's fees.
2000e-17. Procedure for denial, withholding, termination, or
suspension of Government contract subsequent to
acceptance by Government of affirmative action
plan of employer; time of acceptance of plan.
SUBCHAPTER VII - REGISTRATION AND VOTING STATISTICS
2000f. Survey for compilation of registration and voting
statistics; geographical areas; scope;
application of census provisions; voluntary
disclosure; advising of right not to furnish
information.
SUBCHAPTER VIII - COMMUNITY RELATIONS SERVICE
2000g. Establishment of Service; Director of Service:
appointment, term; personnel.
2000g-1. Functions of Service.
2000g-2. Cooperation with other agencies; conciliation
assistance in confidence and without publicity;
information as confidential; restriction on
performance of investigative or prosecuting
functions; violations and penalties.
2000g-3. Reports to Congress.
SUBCHAPTER IX - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
2000h. Criminal contempt proceedings: trial by jury,
criminal practice, penalties, exceptions, intent;
civil contempt proceedings.
2000h-1. Double jeopardy; specific crimes and criminal
contempts.
2000h-2. Intervention by Attorney General; denial of equal
protection on account of race, color, religion,
sex or national origin.
2000h-3. Construction of provisions not to affect authority
of Attorney General, etc., to institute or
intervene in actions or proceedings.
2000h-4. Construction of provisions not to exclude
operation of State laws and not to invalidate
consistent State laws.
2000h-5. Authorization of appropriations.
2000h-6. Separability.
-SECREF-
CHAPTER REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS
This chapter is referred to in section 11111 of this title.
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