Laws: Cases and Codes : U.S. Code : Title 29 : Section 216


   

U.S. Code as of: 01/19/04
Section 216 - Notes
                                   SOURCE
    (June 25, 1938, ch. 676, Sec. 16, 52 Stat. 1069; May 14, 1947, ch.
    52, Sec. 5(a), 61 Stat. 87; Oct. 26, 1949, ch. 736, Sec. 14, 63
    Stat. 919; 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 6, Secs. 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64
    Stat. 1263; Aug. 8, 1956, ch. 1035, Sec. 4, 70 Stat. 1118; Pub. L.
    85-231, Sec. 1(2), Aug. 30, 1957, 71 Stat. 514; Pub. L. 87-30, Sec.
    12(a), May 5, 1961, 75 Stat. 74; Pub. L. 89-601, title VI, Sec.
    601(a), Sept. 23, 1966, 80 Stat. 844; Pub. L. 93-259, Secs.
    6(d)(1), 25(c), 26, Apr. 8, 1974, 88 Stat. 61, 72, 73; Pub. L.
    95-151, Sec. 10, Nov. 1, 1977, 91 Stat. 1252; Pub. L. 101-157, Sec.
    9, Nov. 17, 1989, 103 Stat. 945; Pub. L. 101-508, title III, Sec.
    3103, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-29; Pub. L. 104-174, Sec. 2,
    Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1554.)
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      The Portal-to-Portal Act of 1947, referred to in subsec. (d), is
    act May 14, 1947, ch. 52, 61 Stat. 84, as amended, which is
    classified principally to chapter 9 (Sec. 251 et seq.) of this
    title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see
    Short Title note set out under section 251 of this title and
    Tables.
      The effective date of this amendment of subsection (d), referred
    to in subsec. (d), occurred upon the expiration of 90 days after
    Aug. 30, 1957. See section 2 of Pub. L. 85-231, set out as an
    Effective Date of 1957 Amendment note under section 213 of this
    title.
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1996 - Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104-174 in first sentence substituted
    "of section 212 of this title or section 213(c)(5) of this title"
    for "of section 212 of this title" and "under section 212 of this
    title or section 213(c)(5) of this title" for "under that section".
      1990 - Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101-508 struck out "or any person who
    repeatedly or willfully violates section 206 or 207 of this title"
    after "issued under that section," in first sentence, substituted
    "not to exceed $10,000 for each employee who was the subject of
    such a violation" for "not to exceed $1,000 for each such
    violation" in first sentence, inserted after first sentence "Any
    person who repeatedly or willfully violates section 206 or 207 of
    this title shall be subject to a civil penalty of not to exceed
    $1,000 for each such violation.", substituted "any penalty under
    this subsection" for "such penalty" wherever appearing except after
    "appropriateness of", substituted "Except for civil penalties
    collected for violations of section 212 of this title, sums" for
    "Sums" in last sentence, and inserted at end "Civil penalties
    collected for violations of section 212 of this title shall be
    deposited in the general fund of the Treasury."
      1989 - Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101-157 inserted "or any person who
    repeatedly or willfully violates section 206 or 207 of this title"
    in introductory provisions and inserted "or a repeated or willful
    violation of section 215(a)(2) of this title" in par. (3).
      1977 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95-151, Sec. 10(a), (b), inserted
    provisions relating to violations of section 215(a)(3) of this
    title by employers, "(1)" after "section 217 of this title in
    which", and cl. (2), and substituted "An action to recover the
    liability prescribed in either of the preceding sentences" for
    "Action to recover such liability".
      Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95-151, Sec. 10(c), inserted "to recover the
    liability specified in the first sentence of such subsection" after
    "an action by or on behalf of any employee".
      1974 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93-259, Sec. 6(d)(1), substituted in
    second sentence "maintained against any employer (including a
    public agency) in any Federal or State court" for "maintained in
    any court".
      Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93-259, Sec. 26, in revising first three
    sentences, reenacted first sentence, substituting "Secretary" for
    "Secretary of Labor"; included in second sentence provision for an
    action by the Secretary for liquidated damaged and deleted
    requirement of a written request by an employee claiming unpaid
    minimum wages or unpaid overtime compensation with the Secretary of
    Labor prior to an action by the Secretary and proviso prohibiting
    any action in any case involving an issue of law not settled
    finally by the courts and depriving courts of jurisdiction of any
    action or proceeding involving the issue of law not settled
    finally; and substituted third sentence "The right provided by
    subsection (b) of this section to bring by or on behalf of any
    employee and of any employees to become a party plaintiff to any
    such action shall terminate upon the filing of a complaint by the
    Secretary in an action under this subsection in which a recovery is
    sought of unpaid minimum wages or unpaid overtime compensation
    under sections 206 and 207 of this title or liquidated or other
    damages provided by this subsection owing to such employee by an
    employer liable under the provisions of subsection (b) of this
    section, unless such action is dismissed without prejudice on
    motion of the Secretary." for "The consent of any employee to the
    bringing of any such action by the Secretary of Labor, unless such
    action is dismissed without prejudice on motion of the Secretary of
    Labor, shall constitute a waiver by such employee of any right of
    action he may have under subsection (b) of this section for such
    unpaid wages or unpaid overtime compensation and an additional
    equal amount as liquidated damages."
      Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93-259, Sec. 25(c), added subsec. (e).
      1966 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89-601 substituted "statutes of
    limitations" for "two-year statute of limitations".
      1961 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87-30 provided for termination of
    right of action upon commencement of injunction proceedings by the
    Secretary of Labor.
      1957 - Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 85-231 added cls. (1) and (2) and
    designated existing provisions as cl. (3).
      1956 - Subsec. (d). Act Aug. 8, 1956, added subsec. (d).
      1949 - Subsec. (c). Act Oct. 26, 1949, added subsec. (c).
      1947 - Subsec. (b). Act May 14, 1947, struck out provisions
    relating to the designation by employee or employees of an agent or
    representative to maintain an action under this section for and on
    behalf of all employees similarly situated and inserted provisions
    relating to the requirement that no employee shall be a party
    plaintiff unless he gives his consent in writing and such consent
    is filed with the court.
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      Functions relating to enforcement and administration of equal pay
    provisions vested by subsecs. (b) and (c) of this section in
    Secretary of Labor transferred to Equal Employment Opportunity
    Commission by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1978, Sec. 1, 43 F.R. 19807, 92
    Stat. 3781, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government
    Organization and Employees, effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by
    section 1-101 of Ex. Ord. No. 12106, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1053.
      For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and
    agencies of Department of Labor, with certain exceptions, to
    Secretary of Labor, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 6
    of 1950, Secs. 1, 2, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the
    Appendix to Title 5.
         LIABILITY OF STATE, POLITICAL SUBDIVISION, OR INTERSTATE
         GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY FOR VIOLATIONS BEFORE APRIL 15, 1986,
       RESPECTING ANY EMPLOYEE NOT COVERED UNDER SPECIAL ENFORCEMENT
                                  POLICY
      Pub. L. 99-150, Sec. 2(c)(1), Nov. 13, 1985, 99 Stat. 788,
    provided that: "No State, political subdivision of a State, or
    interstate governmental agency shall be liable under section 16 of
    the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 [29 U.S.C. 216] for a
    violation of section 6 [29 U.S.C. 206] (in the case of a territory
    or possession of the United States), 7 [29 U.S.C. 207], or 11(c)
    [29 U.S.C. 211(c)] (as it relates to section 7) of such Act
    occurring before April 15, 1986, with respect to any employee of
    the State, political subdivision, or agency who would not have been
    covered by such Act [this chapter] under the Secretary of Labor's
    special enforcement policy on January 1, 1985, and published in
    sections 775.2 and 775.4 of title 29 of the Code of Federal
    Regulations."
                   SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS               
      This section is referred to in sections 255, 260, 626 of this
    title; title 2 section 1313; title 3 section 413; title 5 sections
    7702, 7703.

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