Laws: Cases and Codes : U.S. Code : Title 25 : Section 941d


   
U.S. Code as of: 01/19/04
Section 941d. Ratification of prior transfers; extinguishment of aboriginal title, rights and claims

    (a) Ratification of transfers
      Any transfer of land or natural resources located anywhere within
    the United States from, by, or on behalf of the Tribe, any one or
    more of its Members, or anyone purporting to be a Member, including
    but without limitation any transfer pursuant to any treaty,
    compact, or statute of any State, shall be deemed to have been made
    in accordance with the Constitution and all laws of the United
    States, and Congress hereby approves and ratifies any such transfer
    effective as of the date of such transfer. Nothing in this section
    shall be construed to affect, eliminate, or revive the personal
    claim of any individual Member (except for any Federal common law
    fraud claim) which is pursued under any law of general
    applicability that protects non-Indians as well as Indians.
    (b) Aboriginal title
      To the extent that any transfer of land or natural resources
    described in subsection (a) of this section may involve land or
    natural resources to which the Tribe, any of its Members, or anyone
    purporting to be a Member, or any other Indian, Indian nation, or
    Tribe or band of Indians had aboriginal title, subsection (a) of
    this section shall be regarded as an extinguishment of aboriginal
    title as of the date of such transfer.
    (c) Extinguishment of claims
      By virtue of the approval and ratification of any transfer of
    land or natural resources effected by this section, or the
    extinguishment of aboriginal title effected thereby, all claims
    against the United States, any State or subdivision thereof, or any
    other person or entity, by the Tribe, any of its Members, or anyone
    purporting to be a Member, or any predecessors or successors in
    interest thereof or any other Indian, Indian Nation, or tribe or
    band of Indians, arising at the time of or subsequent to the
    transfer and based on any interest in or right involving such land
    or natural resources, including without limitation claims for
    trespass damages or claims for use and occupancy, shall be deemed
    extinguished as of the date of the transfer.
    (d) Extinguishment of title
      (1) All claims and all right, title, and interest that the Tribe,
    its Members, or any person or group of persons purporting to be
    Catawba Indians may have to aboriginal title, recognized title, or
    title by grant, patent, or treaty to the lands located anywhere in
    the United States are hereby extinguished.
      (2) This extinguishment of claims shall also extinguish title to
    any hunting, fishing, or water rights or rights to any other
    natural resource claimed by the Tribe or a Member based on
    aboriginal or treaty recognized title, and all trespass damages and
    other damages associated with use, occupancy or possession, or
    entry upon such lands.
    (e) Bar to future claims
      The United States is hereby barred from asserting by or on behalf
    of the Tribe or any of its Members, or anyone purporting to be a
    Member, any claim arising before the effective date of this
    subchapter from the transfer of any land or natural resources by
    deed or other grant, or by treaty, compact, or act of law, on the
    grounds that such transfer was not made in accordance with the laws
    of South Carolina or the Constitution or laws of the United States.
    (f) No derogation of fee simple in Existing Reservation, or effect
      on Members' fee interests
      Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to diminish or
    derogate from the Tribe's estate in the Existing Reservation; or to
    divest or disturb title in any land conveyed to any person or
    entity as a result of the Termination Act and the liquidation and
    partition of tribal lands; or to divest or disturb the right, title
    and interest of any Member in any fee simple, leasehold or
    remainder estate or any equitable or beneficial right or interest
    any such Member may own individually and not as a Member of the
    Tribe.
    (g) Costs and attorneys' fees
      The parties to the Suits shall bear their own costs and
    attorneys' fees. As provided by section 6.4 of the Settlement
    Agreement, the Secretary shall pay to the Tribe's attorneys in the
    Suits attorneys' fees and expenses from, and not to exceed 10
    percent of, the $50,000,000 obligated for payment to the Tribe by
    Federal, State, local, and private parties pursuant to section 5 of
    the Settlement Agreement.
    (h) Personal claims not affected
      Nothing in this section shall be deemed to affect, diminish, or
    eliminate the personal claim of any individual Indian which is
    pursued under any law of general applicability (other than Federal
    common law fraud) that protects non-Indians as well as Indians.
    (i) Federal payment
      In the event any of the Federal payments are not paid as set
    forth in section 941c of this title, such failure to pay shall give
    rise to a cause of action by the Tribe against the United States
    for money damages for the amount authorized to be paid to the Tribe
    in section 941c(a) of this title in settlement of the Tribe's
    claim, and the Tribe is authorized to bring an action in the United
    States Court of Claims for such funds plus applicable interest. The
    United States hereby waives any affirmative defense to such action.
    (j) State payment
      In the event any of the State payments are not paid as set forth
    in section 941c of this title, such failure to pay shall give rise
    to a cause of action in the United States District Court for the
    District of South Carolina by the Tribe against the State of South
    Carolina for money damages for the amount authorized to be paid to
    the Tribe by the State in Sec. 27-16-50(A) of the State Act in
    settlement of the Tribe's claim. Pursuant to Sec. 27-16-50(E) of
    the State Act, the State of South Carolina waives any Eleventh
    Amendment immunity to such action.



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