Laws: Cases and Codes : U.S. Code : Title 2 : Section 441a-1


   
U.S. Code as of: 01/3/05
Section 441a-1. Modification of certain limits for House candidates in response to personal fund expenditures of opponents

    (a) Availability of increased limit
      (1) In general
        Subject to paragraph (3), if the opposition personal funds
      amount with respect to a candidate for election to the office of
      Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the
      Congress exceeds $350,000 - 
          (A) the limit under subsection (a)(1)(A) (!1) with respect to
        the candidate shall be tripled;

          (B) the limit under subsection (a)(3) (!1) shall not apply
        with respect to any contribution made with respect to the
        candidate if the contribution is made under the increased limit
        allowed under subparagraph (A) during a period in which the
        candidate may accept such a contribution; and
          (C) the limits under subsection (d) (!1) with respect to any
        expenditure by a State or national committee of a political
        party on behalf of the candidate shall not apply.
      (2) Determination of opposition personal funds amount
        (A) In general
          The opposition personal funds amount is an amount equal to
        the excess (if any) of - 
            (i) the greatest aggregate amount of expenditures from
          personal funds (as defined in subsection (b)(1) of this
          section) that an opposing candidate in the same election
          makes; over
            (ii) the aggregate amount of expenditures from personal
          funds made by the candidate with respect to the election.
        (B) Special rule for candidate's campaign funds
          (i) In general
            For purposes of determining the aggregate amount of
          expenditures from personal funds under subparagraph (A), such
          amount shall include the gross receipts advantage of the
          candidate's authorized committee.
          (ii) Gross receipts advantage
            For purposes of clause (i), the term "gross receipts
          advantage" means the excess, if any, of - 
              (I) the aggregate amount of 50 percent of gross receipts
            of a candidate's authorized committee during any election
            cycle (not including contributions from personal funds of
            the candidate) that may be expended in connection with the
            election, as determined on June 30 and December 31 of the
            year preceding the year in which a general election is
            held, over
              (II) the aggregate amount of 50 percent of gross receipts
            of the opposing candidate's authorized committee during any
            election cycle (not including contributions from personal
            funds of the candidate) that may be expended in connection
            with the election, as determined on June 30 and December 31
            of the year preceding the year in which a general election
            is held.
      (3) Time to accept contributions under increased limit
        (A) In general
          Subject to subparagraph (B), a candidate and the candidate's
        authorized committee shall not accept any contribution, and a
        party committee shall not make any expenditure, under the
        increased limit under paragraph (1) - 
            (i) until the candidate has received notification of the
          opposition personal funds amount under subsection (b)(1) of
          this section; and
            (ii) to the extent that such contribution, when added to
          the aggregate amount of contributions previously accepted and
          party expenditures previously made under the increased limits
          under this subsection for the election cycle, exceeds 100
          percent of the opposition personal funds amount.
        (B) Effect of withdrawal of an opposing candidate
          A candidate and a candidate's authorized committee shall not
        accept any contribution and a party shall not make any
        expenditure under the increased limit after the date on which
        an opposing candidate ceases to be a candidate to the extent
        that the amount of such increased limit is attributable to such
        an opposing candidate.
      (4) Disposal of excess contributions
        (A) In general
          The aggregate amount of contributions accepted by a candidate
        or a candidate's authorized committee under the increased limit
        under paragraph (1) and not otherwise expended in connection
        with the election with respect to which such contributions
        relate shall, not later than 50 days after the date of such
        election, be used in the manner described in subparagraph (B).
        (B) Return to contributors
          A candidate or a candidate's authorized committee shall
        return the excess contribution to the person who made the
        contribution.
    (b) Notification of expenditures from personal funds
      (1) In general
        (A) Definition of expenditure from personal funds
          In this paragraph, the term "expenditure from personal funds"
        means - 
            (i) an expenditure made by a candidate using personal
          funds; and
            (ii) a contribution or loan made by a candidate using
          personal funds or a loan secured using such funds to the
          candidate's authorized committee.
        (B) Declaration of intent
          Not later than the date that is 15 days after the date on
        which an individual becomes a candidate for the office of
        Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the
        Congress, the candidate shall file a declaration stating the
        total amount of expenditures from personal funds that the
        candidate intends to make, or to obligate to make, with respect
        to the election that will exceed $350,000.
        (C) Initial notification
          Not later than 24 hours after a candidate described in
        subparagraph (B) makes or obligates to make an aggregate amount
        of expenditures from personal funds in excess of $350,000 in
        connection with any election, the candidate shall file a
        notification.
        (D) Additional notification
          After a candidate files an initial notification under
        subparagraph (C), the candidate shall file an additional
        notification each time expenditures from personal funds are
        made or obligated to be made in an aggregate amount that
        exceeds $10,000. Such notification shall be filed not later
        than 24 hours after the expenditure is made.
        (E) Contents
          A notification under subparagraph (C) or (D) shall include - 
            (i) the name of the candidate and the office sought by the
          candidate;
            (ii) the date and amount of each expenditure; and
            (iii) the total amount of expenditures from personal funds
          that the candidate has made, or obligated to make, with
          respect to an election as of the date of the expenditure that
          is the subject of the notification.
        (F) Place of filing
          Each declaration or notification required to be filed by a
        candidate under subparagraph (C), (D), or (E) shall be filed
        with - 
            (i) the Commission; and
            (ii) each candidate in the same election and the national
          party of each such candidate.
      (2) Notification of disposal of excess contributions
        In the next regularly scheduled report after the date of the
      election for which a candidate seeks nomination for election to,
      or election to, Federal office, the candidate or the candidate's
      authorized committee shall submit to the Commission a report
      indicating the source and amount of any excess contributions (as
      determined under subsection (a) of this section) and the manner
      in which the candidate or the candidate's authorized committee
      used such funds.
      (3) Enforcement
        For provisions providing for the enforcement of the reporting
      requirements under this subsection, see section 437g of this
      title.



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