Laws: Cases and Codes : U.S. Code : Title 18 : Section 1961
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U.S. Code as of:
01/19/04
Section 1961 - Notes
SOURCE
(Added Pub. L. 91-452, title IX, Sec. 901(a), Oct. 15, 1970, 84
Stat. 941; amended Pub. L. 95-575, Sec. 3(c), Nov. 2, 1978, 92
Stat. 2465; Pub. L. 95-598, title III, Sec. 314(g), Nov. 6, 1978,
92 Stat. 2677; Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Secs. 901(g), 1020, Oct.
12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2136, 2143; Pub. L. 98-547, title II, Sec. 205,
Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2770; Pub. L. 99-570, title I, Sec.
1365(b), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207-35; Pub. L. 99-646, Sec.
50(a), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3605; Pub. L. 100-690, title VII,
Secs. 7013, 7020(c), 7032, 7054, 7514, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat.
4395, 4396, 4398, 4402, 4489; Pub. L. 101-73, title IX, Sec. 968,
Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 101-647, title XXXV, Sec.
3560, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4927; Pub. L. 103-322, title IX,
Sec. 90104, title XVI, Sec. 160001(f), title XXXIII, Sec.
330021(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1987, 2037, 2150; Pub. L.
103-394, title III, Sec. 312(b), Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4140;
Pub. L. 104-132, title IV, Sec. 433, Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1274;
Pub. L. 104-153, Sec. 3, July 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1386; Pub. L.
104-208, div. C, title II, Sec. 202, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat.
3009-565; Pub. L. 104-294, title VI, Secs. 601(b)(3), (i)(3),
604(b)(6), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3499, 3501, 3506; Pub. L.
107-56, title VIII, Sec. 813, Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 382; Pub. L.
107-273, div. B, title IV, Sec. 4005(f)(1), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat.
1813; Pub. L. 108-193, Sec. 5(b), Dec. 19, 2003, 117 Stat. 2879.)
REFERENCES IN TEXT
Section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act, referred to in par.
(1)(A), (D), is classified to section 802 of Title 21, Food and
Drugs.
The Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act, referred to
in par. (1)(E), is title II of Pub. L. 91-508, Oct. 26, 1970, 84
Stat. 1118, which was repealed and reenacted as subchapter II of
chapter 53 of Title 31, Money and Finance, by Pub. L. 97-258, Sec.
4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which
enacted Title 31.
The Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in par. (1)(F),
is act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163, as amended, which is
classified principally to chapter 12 (Sec. 1101 et seq.) of Title
8, Aliens and Nationality. Sections 274, 277, and 278 of the Act
are classified to sections 1324, 1327, and 1328 of Title 8,
respectively. For complete classification of this Act to the Code,
see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of Title 8 and
Tables.
The effective date of this chapter, referred to in par. (5), is
Oct. 15, 1970.
AMENDMENTS
2003 - Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 108-193, which directed amendment of
par. (1)(A) of this section by substituting "sections 1581-1591
(relating to peonage, slavery, and trafficking in persons)." for
"sections 1581-1588 (relating to peonage and slavery)", was
executed by making the substitution in par. (1)(B) to reflect the
probable intent of Congress.
2002 - Par. (1)(G). Pub. L. 107-273 made technical amendment to
directory language of Pub. L. 107-56. See 2001 Amendment note
below.
2001 - Par. (1)(G). Pub. L. 107-56, as amended by Pub. L.
107-273, which directed addition of cl. (G) before period at end,
was executed by making the addition before the semicolon at end to
reflect the probable intent of Congress.
1996 - Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 104-294, Sec. 604(b)(6), amended
directory language of Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 160001(f). See 1994
Amendment note below.
Pub. L. 104-294, Sec. 601(i)(3), substituted "2260" for "2258".
Pub. L. 104-208 struck out "if the act indictable under section
1028 was committed for the purpose of financial gain" before ",
section 1029", inserted "section 1425 (relating to the procurement
of citizenship or nationalization unlawfully), section 1426
(relating to the reproduction of naturalization or citizenship
papers), section 1427 (relating to the sale of naturalization or
citizenship papers)," after "section 1344 (relating to financial
institution fraud),", struck out "if the act indictable under
section 1542 was committed for the purpose of financial gain"
before ", section 1543", "if the act indictable under section 1543
was committed for the purpose of financial gain" before ", section
1544", "if the act indictable under section 1544 was committed for
the purpose of financial gain" before ", section 1546", and "if the
act indictable under section 1546 was committed for the purpose of
financial gain" before ", sections 1581-1588".
Pub. L. 104-153 inserted ", section 2318 (relating to trafficking
in counterfeit labels for phonorecords, computer programs or
computer program documentation or packaging and copies of motion
pictures or other audiovisual works), section 2319 (relating to
criminal infringement of a copyright), section 2319A (relating to
unauthorized fixation of and trafficking in sound recordings and
music videos of live musical performances), section 2320 (relating
to trafficking in goods or services bearing counterfeit marks)"
after "sections 2314 and 2315 (relating to interstate
transportation of stolen property)".
Pub. L. 104-132, Sec. 433(1), (2), inserted "section 1028
(relating to fraud and related activity in connection with
identification documents) if the act indictable under section 1028
was committed for the purpose of financial gain," before "section
1029" and "section 1542 (relating to false statement in application
and use of passport) if the act indictable under section 1542 was
committed for the purpose of financial gain, section 1543 (relating
to forgery or false use of passport) if the act indictable under
section 1543 was committed for the purpose of financial gain,
section 1544 (relating to misuse of passport) if the act indictable
under section 1544 was committed for the purpose of financial gain,
section 1546 (relating to fraud and misuse of visas, permits, and
other documents) if the act indictable under section 1546 was
committed for the purpose of financial gain, sections 1581-1588
(relating to peonage and slavery)," after "section 1513 (relating
to retaliating against a witness, victim, or an informant),".
Par. (1)(D). Pub. L. 104-294, Sec. 601(b)(3), substituted
"section 157 of this title" for "section 157 of that title".
Par. (1)(F). Pub. L. 104-132, Sec. 433(3), (4), which directed
addition of cl. (F) before period at end, was executed by making
the addition before the semicolon at end to reflect the probable
intent of Congress.
1994 - Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330021(1), substituted
"kidnapping" for "kidnaping".
Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 90104, substituted "a controlled substance
or listed chemical (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled
Substances Act)" for "narcotic or other dangerous drugs".
Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 160001(f), as amended by Pub.
L. 104-294, Sec. 604(b)(6), substituted "2251, 2251A, 2252, and
2258" for "2251-2252".
Par. (1)(D). Pub. L. 103-394 inserted "(except a case under
section 157 of that title)" after "title 11".
Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 90104, substituted "a controlled substance
or listed chemical (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled
Substances Act)" for "narcotic or other dangerous drugs".
1990 - Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 101-647 substituted "section 1029
(relating to" for "section 1029 (relative to" and struck out
"sections 2251 through 2252 (relating to sexual exploitation of
children)," before ", section 1958".
1989 - Par. (1). Pub. L. 101-73 inserted "section 1344 (relating
to financial institution fraud)," after "section 1343 (relating to
wire fraud),".
1988 - Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7514, inserted
"sections 2251 through 2252 (relating to sexual exploitation of
children),".
Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7054, inserted ", section 1029 (relative to
fraud and related activity in connection with access devices)" and
", section 1958 (relating to use of interstate commerce facilities
in the commission of murder-for-hire), sections 2251-2252 (relating
to sexual exploitation of children)".
Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7032, substituted "section 2321" for
"section 2320".
Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7013, made technical amendment to directory
language of Pub. L. 99-646. See 1986 Amendment note below.
Par. (10). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7020(c), inserted "the Associate
Attorney General of the United States," after "Deputy Attorney
General of the United States,".
1986 - Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 99-646, as amended by Pub. L.
100-690, Sec. 7013, inserted "section 1512 (relating to tampering
with a witness, victim, or an informant), section 1513 (relating to
retaliating against a witness, victim, or an informant)," after
"section 1511 (relating to the obstruction of State or local law
enforcement),".
Pub. L. 99-570 inserted "section 1956 (relating to the laundering
of monetary instruments), section 1957 (relating to engaging in
monetary transactions in property derived from specified unlawful
activity),".
1984 - Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 1020(1), inserted
"dealing in obscene matter," after "extortion,".
Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 98-547 inserted "sections 2312 and 2313
(relating to interstate transportation of stolen motor vehicles),"
and "section 2320 (relating to trafficking in certain motor
vehicles or motor vehicle parts),".
Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 1020(2), inserted "sections 1461-1465
(relating to obscene matter),".
Par. (1)(E). Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 901(g), added cl. (E).
1978 - Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 95-575 inserted "sections 2341-2346
(relating to trafficking in contraband cigarettes),".
Par. (1)(D). Pub. L. 95-598 substituted "fraud connected with a
case under title 11" for "bankruptcy fraud".
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 12435
Ex. Ord. No. 12435, July 28, 1983, 48 F.R. 34723, as amended Ex.
Ord. No. 12507, Mar. 22, 1985, 50 F.R. 11835, which established and
provided for the administration of the President's Commission on
Organized Crime, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12610, Sept. 30, 1987,
52 F.R. 36901, formerly set out as a note under section 14 of the
Federal Advisory Committee Act in the Appendix to Title 5,
Government Organization and Employees.
SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS
This section is referred to in sections 924, 1956, 1959 of this
title; title 7 section 12a.
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