Laws: Cases and Codes : U.S. Code : Title 18 : Section 542


   

U.S. Code as of: 01/19/04
Section 542 - Notes
                                   SOURCE
    (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 715; June 30, 1955, ch. 258, Sec.
    2(c), 69 Stat. 242; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, Secs.
    330004(18), 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2142, 2147;
    Pub. L. 104-294, title VI, Sec. 604(b)(23), Oct. 11, 1996, 110
    Stat. 3508.)
                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
      Based on section 1591 of title 19, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Customs
    Duties (June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, Sec. 591, 46 Stat. 750;
    Aug. 5, 1935, ch. 438, title III, Sec. 304(a), 49 Stat. 527).
      The reference in the first paragraph to persons aiding, contained
    in the phrase "or aids," was omitted as unnecessary as such persons
    are made principals by section 2 of this title.
      Words "upon conviction" before "be fined" were omitted as
    surplusage since punishment cannot be imposed until conviction is
    secured.
      Enumeration of persons at beginning of section and provision
    preserving forfeitures where authorized by law were omitted as
    surplusage.
      The fourth paragraph was added to the revised section to make
    clear the intent of Congress that forfeiture is an additional
    consequence independent of the criminal punishment.
      The final paragraph was added to conform with section 1709 of
    title 19, U.S.C., 1940 ed.
      Changes in phraseology were also made.
                   SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS               
      This section is referred to in sections 981, 982, 1956 of this
    title; title 31 section 9703.

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