Laws: Cases and Codes : U.S. Code : Title 18 : Section 542
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U.S. Code as of:
01/19/04
Section 542 - Notes
SOURCE
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 715; June 30, 1955, ch. 258, Sec.
2(c), 69 Stat. 242; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, Secs.
330004(18), 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2142, 2147;
Pub. L. 104-294, title VI, Sec. 604(b)(23), Oct. 11, 1996, 110
Stat. 3508.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on section 1591 of title 19, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Customs
Duties (June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, Sec. 591, 46 Stat. 750;
Aug. 5, 1935, ch. 438, title III, Sec. 304(a), 49 Stat. 527).
The reference in the first paragraph to persons aiding, contained
in the phrase "or aids," was omitted as unnecessary as such persons
are made principals by section 2 of this title.
Words "upon conviction" before "be fined" were omitted as
surplusage since punishment cannot be imposed until conviction is
secured.
Enumeration of persons at beginning of section and provision
preserving forfeitures where authorized by law were omitted as
surplusage.
The fourth paragraph was added to the revised section to make
clear the intent of Congress that forfeiture is an additional
consequence independent of the criminal punishment.
The final paragraph was added to conform with section 1709 of
title 19, U.S.C., 1940 ed.
Changes in phraseology were also made.
SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS
This section is referred to in sections 981, 982, 1956 of this
title; title 31 section 9703.
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