Laws: Cases and Codes : U.S. Code : Title 18 : Section 2511


   

U.S. Code as of: 01/19/04
Section 2511 - Notes
                                   SOURCE
    (Added Pub. L. 90-351, title III, Sec. 802, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat.
    213; amended Pub. L. 91-358, title II, Sec. 211(a), July 29, 1970,
    84 Stat. 654; Pub. L. 95-511, title II, Sec. 201(a)-(c), Oct. 25,
    1978, 92 Stat. 1796, 1797; Pub. L. 98-549, Sec. 6(b)(2), Oct. 30,
    1984, 98 Stat. 2804; Pub. L. 99-508, title I, Secs. 101(b), (c)(1),
    (5), (6), (d), (f)[(1)], 102, Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1849,
    1851-1853; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXII, Sec. 320901, title XXXIII,
    Sec. 330016(1)(G), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2123, 2147; Pub. L.
    103-414, title II, Secs. 202(b), 204, 205, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat.
    4290, 4291; Pub. L. 104-294, title VI, Sec. 604(b)(42), Oct. 11,
    1996, 110 Stat. 3509; Pub. L. 107-56, title II, Secs. 204, 217(2),
    Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 281, 291; Pub. L. 107-296, title II, Sec.
    225(h)(2), (j)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2158.)
                           AMENDMENT OF SECTION                       
      For termination of amendment by Pub. L. 107-56, see Termination
    Date of 2001 Amendment note below.
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, referred to in
    par. (2)(e), (f), is Pub. L. 95-511, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1783,
    which is classified principally to chapter 36 (Sec. 1801 et seq.)
    of Title 50, War and National Defense. Section 101 of the Foreign
    Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, referred to in par.
    (2)(a)(ii), (e), and (f), is classified to section 1801 of Title
    50. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short
    Title note set out under section 1801 of Title 50 and Tables.
      Sections 633, 705, and 706 of the Communications Act of 1934,
    referred to in par. (2)(e), (f), (g)(iii), are classified to
    sections 553, 605, and 606 of Title 47, Telegraphs, Telephones, and
    Radiotelegraphs, respectively.
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2002 - Par. (2)(a)(ii). Pub. L. 107-296, Sec. 225(h)(2), inserted
    ", statutory authorization," after "terms of a court order" in
    concluding provisions.
      Par. (4)(b), (c). Pub. L. 107-296, Sec. 225(j)(1), redesignated
    subpar. (c) as (b) and struck out former subpar. (b) which read as
    follows: "If the offense is a first offense under paragraph (a) of
    this subsection and is not for a tortious or illegal purpose or for
    purposes of direct or indirect commercial advantage or private
    commercial gain, and the wire or electronic communication with
    respect to which the offense under paragraph (a) is a radio
    communication that is not scrambled, encrypted, or transmitted
    using modulation techniques the essential parameters of which have
    been withheld from the public with the intention of preserving the
    privacy of such communication, then - 
        "(i) if the communication is not the radio portion of a
      cellular telephone communication, a cordless telephone
      communication that is transmitted between the cordless telephone
      handset and the base unit, a public land mobile radio service
      communication or a paging service communication, and the conduct
      is not that described in subsection (5), the offender shall be
      fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or
      both; and
        "(ii) if the communication is the radio portion of a cellular
      telephone communication, a cordless telephone communication that
      is transmitted between the cordless telephone handset and the
      base unit, a public land mobile radio service communication or a
      paging service communication, the offender shall be fined under
      this title."
      2001 - Par. (2)(f). Pub. L. 107-56, Secs. 204, 224, temporarily
    substituted "this chapter or chapter 121 or 206 of this title, or
    section 705 of the Communications Act of 1934" for "this chapter or
    chapter 121, or section 705 of the Communications Act of 1934" and
    "wire, oral, and electronic communications" for "wire and oral
    communications". See Termination Date of 2001 Amendment note below.
      Par. (2)(i). Pub. L. 107-56, Secs. 217(2), 224, temporarily added
    subpar. (i). See Termination Date of 2001 Amendment note below.
      1996 - Par. (1)(e)(i). Pub. L. 104-294 substituted "sections
    2511(2)(a)(ii), 2511(2)(b)-(c), 2511(2)(e), 2516, and 2518 of this
    chapter" for "sections 2511(2)(A)(ii), 2511(b)-(c), 2511(e), 2516,
    and 2518 of this subchapter".
      1994 - Par. (1)(e). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 320901, added par.
    (1)(e).
      Par. (2)(a)(i). Pub. L. 103-414, Sec. 205, inserted "or
    electronic" after "transmission of a wire".
      Par. (4)(b). Pub. L. 103-414, Sec. 204, in introductory
    provisions substituted ", encrypted, or transmitted using
    modulation techniques the essential parameters of which have been
    withheld from the public with the intention of preserving the
    privacy of such communication, then" for "or encrypted, then".
      Par. (4)(b)(i). Pub. L. 103-414, Sec. 202(b)(1), inserted "a
    cordless telephone communication that is transmitted between the
    cordless telephone handset and the base unit," after "cellular
    telephone communication,".
      Par. (4)(b)(ii). Pub. L. 103-414, Sec. 202(b)(2), inserted "a
    cordless telephone communication that is transmitted between the
    cordless telephone handset and the base unit," after "cellular
    telephone communication,".
      Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(G), substituted "fined under this
    title" for "fined not more than $500".
      1986 - Pub. L. 99-508, Sec. 101(c)(1)(A), substituted "wire,
    oral, or electronic" for "wire or oral" in section catchline.
      Par. (1). Pub. L. 99-508, Sec. 101(c)(1)(A), (d)(1), (f)[(1)],
    substituted "intentionally" for "willfully" in subpars. (a) to (d)
    and "wire, oral, or electronic' for "wire or oral" wherever
    appearing in subpars. (a), (c), and (d), and in concluding
    provisions substituted "shall be punished as provided in subsection
    (4) or shall be subject to suit as provided in subsection (5)" for
    "shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than
    five years, or both".
      Par. (2)(a)(i). Pub. L. 99-508, Sec. 101(c)(5), substituted "a
    provider of wire or electronic communication service" for "any
    communication common carrier" and "of the provider of that service,
    except that a provider of wire communication service to the public"
    for "of the carrier of such communication: Provided, That said
    communication common carriers".
      Par. (2)(a)(ii). Pub. L. 99-508, Sec. 101(b)(1), (c)(1)(A), (6),
    substituted "providers of wire or electronic communication service"
    for "communication common carriers", "wire, oral, or electronic"
    for "wire or oral", "if such provider" for "if the common carrier",
    "provider of wire or electronic communication service" for
    "communication common carrier" wherever appearing, "such
    disclosure" for "violation of this subparagraph by a communication
    common carrier or an officer, employee, or agent thereof", "render
    such person liable" for "render the carrier liable", and "a court
    order or certification under this chapter" for "an order or
    certification under this subparagraph" in two places.
      Par. (2)(b). Pub. L. 99-508, Sec. 101(c)(1)(B), inserted "or
    electronic" after "wire".
      Par. (2)(c). Pub. L. 99-508, Sec. 101(c)(1)(A), substituted
    "wire, oral, or electronic" for "wire or oral".
      Par. (2)(d). Pub. L. 99-508, Sec. 101(b)(2), (c)(1)(A),
    substituted "wire, oral, or electronic" for "wire or oral" and
    struck out "or for the purpose of committing any other injurious
    act" after "of any State".
      Par. (2)(f). Pub. L. 99-508, Sec. 101(b)(3), inserted "or chapter
    121" in two places and substituted "foreign communications, or
    foreign intelligence activities conducted in accordance with
    otherwise applicable Federal law involving a foreign electronic
    communications system, utilizing a means" for "foreign
    communications by a means".
      Par. (2)(g), (h). Pub. L. 99-508, Sec. 101(b)(4), added subpars.
    (g) and (h).
      Par. (3). Pub. L. 99-508, Sec. 102, added par. (3).
      Pars. (4), (5). Pub. L. 99-508, Sec. 101(d)(2), added pars. (4)
    and (5).
      1984 - Par. (2)(e). Pub. L. 98-549, Sec. 6(b)(2)(A), substituted
    "section 705 or 706" for "section 605 or 606".
      Par. (2)(f). Pub. L. 98-549, Sec. 6(b)(2)(B), substituted
    "section 705" for "section 605".
      1978 - Par. (2)(a)(ii). Pub. L. 95-511, Sec. 201(a), substituted
    provisions authorizing communication common carriers etc., to
    provide information to designated persons, prohibiting disclosure
    of intercepted information, and rendering violators civilly liable
    for provision exempting communication common carriers from
    criminality for giving information to designated officers.
      Par. (2)(e), (f). Pub. L. 95-511, Sec. 201(b), added par. (2)(e)
    and (f).
      Par. (3). Pub. L. 95-511, Sec. 201(c), struck out par. (3) which
    provided that nothing in this chapter or section 605 of title 47
    limited the President's constitutional power to gather necessary
    intelligence to protect the national security and stated the
    conditions necessary for the reception into evidence and disclosure
    of communications intercepted by the President.
      1970 - Par. (2)(a). Pub. L. 91-358 designated existing provisions
    as cl. (i) and added cl. (ii).
                   SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS               
      This section is referred to in sections 2513, 2516, 2520, 2702,
    2707 of this title; title 50 section 1801.

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