Laws: Cases and Codes : U.S. Code : Title 16 : Section 1437


   

U.S. Code as of: 01/19/04
Section 1437 - Notes
                                   SOURCE
    (Pub. L. 92-532, title III, Sec. 307, as added Pub. L. 98-498,
    title I, Sec. 102, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2302; amended Pub. L.
    100-627, title II, Sec. 207, Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3219; Pub. L.
    102-587, title II, Sec. 2107(a)-(c), (e), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat.
    5043, 5044; Pub. L. 104-283, Sec. 9(c), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat.
    3367; Pub. L. 106-513, Sec. 8, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2387.)
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Presidential Proclamation 5928 of December 27, 1988, referred to
    in subsec. (k), is set out as a note under section 1331 of Title
    43, Public Lands.
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2000 - Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 106-513, Sec. 8(a), added par.
    (6).
      Subsecs. (c) to (f). Pub. L. 106-513, Sec. 8(b), added subsec.
    (c) and redesignated former subsecs. (c) to (e) as (d) to (f),
    respectively. Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).
      Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 106-513, Sec. 8(b), (c), redesignated
    subsec. (f) as (g) and inserted "electronic files," after "books,".
    Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h).
      Subsecs. (h) to (k). Pub. L. 106-513, Sec. 8(b), redesignated
    subsecs. (g) to (j) as (h) to (k), respectively.
      Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 106-513, Sec. 8(c), added subsec. (l).
      1996 - Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 104-283 made technical
    amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as
    reference to section 9607(f)(1) of title 42.
      1992 - Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 102-587, Sec. 2107(a)(1),
    substituted "$100,000" for "$50,000".
      Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 102-587, Sec. 2107(a)(2), struck out "and
    may be proceeded against in any district court of the United States
    having jurisdiction" after "assessed for such violation" and
    inserted at end "Such penalty shall constitute a maritime lien on
    the vessel and may be recovered in an action in rem in the district
    court of the United States having jurisdiction over the vessel."
      Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 102-587, Sec. 2107(b), inserted at end
    "The proceeds from forfeiture actions under this subsection shall
    constitute a separate recovery in addition to any amounts recovered
    as civil penalties under this section or as civil damages under
    section 1443 of this title. None of those proceeds shall be subject
    to set-off."
      Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 102-587, Sec. 2107(c), added par. (1) and
    struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "In general. -
    Notwithstanding any other law, the Secretary may use amounts
    received under this section in the form of civil penalties,
    forfeitures of property, and costs imposed under paragraph (2) to
    pay - 
        "(A) the reasonable and necessary costs incurred by the
      Secretary in providing temporary storage, care, and maintenance
      of any sanctuary resource or other property seized under this
      section pending disposition of any civil proceeding relating to
      any alleged violation with respect to which such property or
      sanctuary resource was seized; and
        "(B) a reward to any person who furnishes information leading
      to an assessment of a civil penalty, or to a forfeiture of
      property, for a violation of this chapter or of any regulation or
      permit issued under this chapter."
      Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102-587, Sec. 2107(e), added subsec. (j).
      1988 - Pub. L. 100-627 amended section generally, substituting
    provisions consisting of subsecs. (a) to (i) relating to
    enforcement activities in general, powers of authorized officers,
    civil penalties, forfeiture, payment of storage, care, and other
    costs, subpoenas, use of resources of State and other Federal
    agencies, Coast Guard authority, and injunctive relief for former
    provisions consisting of subsecs. (a) to (c) relating to
    enforcement activities in general, civil penalties, and
    jurisdiction.
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of
    the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the
    Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of
    Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see
    sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic
    Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization
    Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under
    section 542 of Title 6.
        STUDY OF JOINT ENFORCEMENT OF MARINE SANCTUARY REGULATIONS    
      Pub. L. 102-241, Sec. 51, Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2227, directed
    Secretary of Transportation and Secretary of Commerce, not later
    than one year after Dec. 19, 1991, to submit to Congress a joint
    report describing methods by which Coast Guard enforcement efforts
    under the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972
    (16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq., 1447 et seq., 33 U.S.C. 1401 et seq., 2801
    et seq.) could be enhanced and coordinated with those of the
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
                   SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS               
      This section is referred to in section 1441 of this title.

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