Laws: Cases and Codes : U.S. Code : Title 15 : Section 57b-2


   
U.S. Code as of: 01/19/04
Section 57b-2. Confidentiality

    (a) Definitions
      For purposes of this section:
        (1) The term "material" means documentary material, tangible
      things, written reports or answers to questions, and transcripts
      of oral testimony.
        (2) The term "Federal agency" has the meaning given it in
      section 552(e) (!1) of title 5.

    (b) Procedures respecting documents, tangible things, or
      transcripts of oral testimony received pursuant to compulsory
      process or investigation
      (1) With respect to any document, tangible thing, or transcript
    of oral testimony received by the Commission pursuant to compulsory
    process in an investigation, a purpose of which is to determine
    whether any person may have violated any provision of the laws
    administered by the Commission, the procedures established in
    paragraph (2) through paragraph (7) shall apply.
      (2)(A) The Commission shall designate a duly authorized agent to
    serve as custodian of documentary material, tangible things, or
    written reports or answers to questions, and transcripts of oral
    testimony, and such additional duly authorized agents as the
    Commission shall determine from time to time to be necessary to
    serve as deputies to the custodian.
      (B) Any person upon whom any demand for the production of
    documentary material has been duly served shall make such material
    available for inspection and copying or reproduction to the
    custodian designated in such demand at the principal place of
    business of such person (or at such other place as such custodian
    and such person thereafter may agree or prescribe in writing or as
    the court may direct pursuant to section 57b-1(h) of this title) on
    the return date specified in such demand (or on such later date as
    such custodian may prescribe in writing). Such person may upon
    written agreement between such person and the custodian substitute
    copies for originals of all or any part of such material.
      (3)(A) The custodian to whom any documentary material, tangible
    things, written reports or answers to questions, and transcripts of
    oral testimony are delivered shall take physical possession of such
    material, reports or answers, and transcripts, and shall be
    responsible for the use made of such material, reports or answers,
    and transcripts, and for the return of material, pursuant to the
    requirements of this section.
      (B) The custodian may prepare such copies of the documentary
    material, written reports or answers to questions, and transcripts
    of oral testimony, and may make tangible things available, as may
    be required for official use by any duly authorized officer or
    employee of the Commission under regulations which shall be
    promulgated by the Commission. Notwithstanding subparagraph (C),
    such material, things, and transcripts may be used by any such
    officer or employee in connection with the taking of oral testimony
    under this section.
      (C) Except as otherwise provided in this section, while in the
    possession of the custodian, no documentary material, tangible
    things, reports or answers to questions, and transcripts of oral
    testimony shall be available for examination by any individual
    other than a duly authorized officer or employee of the Commission
    without the consent of the person who produced the material,
    things, or transcripts. Nothing in this section is intended to
    prevent disclosure to either House of the Congress or to any
    committee or subcommittee of the Congress, except that the
    Commission immediately shall notify the owner or provider of any
    such information of a request for information designated as
    confidential by the owner or provider.
      (D) While in the possession of the custodian and under such
    reasonable terms and conditions as the Commission shall prescribe -
    
        (i) documentary material, tangible things, or written reports
      shall be available for examination by the person who produced the
      material, or by any duly authorized representative of such
      person; and
        (ii) answers to questions in writing and transcripts of oral
      testimony shall be available for examination by the person who
      produced the testimony or by his attorney.

      (4) Whenever the Commission has instituted a proceeding against a
    person, partnership, or corporation, the custodian may deliver to
    any officer or employee of the Commission documentary material,
    tangible things, written reports or answers to questions, and
    transcripts of oral testimony for official use in connection with
    such proceeding. Upon the completion of the proceeding, the officer
    or employee shall return to the custodian any such material so
    delivered which has not been received into the record of the
    proceeding.
      (5) If any documentary material, tangible things, written reports
    or answers to questions, and transcripts of oral testimony have
    been produced in the course of any investigation by any person
    pursuant to compulsory process and - 
        (A) any proceeding arising out of the investigation has been
      completed; or
        (B) no proceeding in which the material may be used has been
      commenced within a reasonable time after completion of the
      examination and analysis of all such material and other
      information assembled in the course of the investigation;

    then the custodian shall, upon written request of the person who
    produced the material, return to the person any such material which
    has not been received into the record of any such proceeding (other
    than copies of such material made by the custodian pursuant to
    paragraph (3)(B)).
      (6) The custodian of any documentary material, written reports or
    answers to questions, and transcripts of oral testimony may deliver
    to any officers or employees of appropriate Federal law enforcement
    agencies, in response to a written request, copies of such material
    for use in connection with an investigation or proceeding under the
    jurisdiction of any such agency. The custodian of any tangible
    things may make such things available for inspection to such
    persons on the same basis. Such materials shall not be made
    available to any such agency until the custodian received
    certification of any officer of such agency that such information
    will be maintained in confidence and will be used only for official
    law enforcement purposes. Such documentary material, results of
    inspections of tangible things, written reports or answers to
    questions, and transcripts of oral testimony may be used by any
    officer or employee of such agency only in such manner and subject
    to such conditions as apply to the Commission under this section.
    The custodian may make such materials available to any State law
    enforcement agency upon the prior certification of any officer of
    such agency that such information will be maintained in confidence
    and will be used only for official law enforcement purposes.
      (7) In the event of the death, disability, or separation from
    service in the Commission of the custodian of any documentary
    material, tangible things, written reports or answers to questions,
    and transcripts of oral testimony produced under any demand issued
    under this subchapter, or the official relief of the custodian from
    responsibility for the custody and control of such material, the
    Commission promptly shall - 
        (A) designate under paragraph (2)(A) another duly authorized
      agent to serve as custodian of such material; and
        (B) transmit in writing to the person who produced the material
      or testimony notice as to the identity and address of the
      successor so designated.

    Any successor designated under paragraph (2)(A) as a result of the
    requirements of this paragraph shall have (with regard to the
    material involved) all duties and responsibilities imposed by this
    section upon his predecessor in office with regard to such
    material, except that he shall not be held responsible for any
    default or dereliction which occurred before his designation.
    (c) Information considered confidential
      (1) All information reported to or otherwise obtained by the
    Commission which is not subject to the requirements of subsection
    (b) of this section shall be considered confidential when so marked
    by the person supplying the information and shall not be disclosed,
    except in accordance with the procedures established in paragraph
    (2) and paragraph (3).
      (2) If the Commission determines that a document marked
    confidential by the person supplying it may be disclosed because it
    is not a trade secret or commercial or financial information which
    is obtained from any person and which is privileged or
    confidential, within the meaning of section 46(f) of this title,
    then the Commission shall notify such person in writing that the
    Commission intends to disclose the document at a date not less than
    10 days after the date of receipt of notification.
      (3) Any person receiving such notification may, if he believes
    disclosure of the document would cause disclosure of a trade
    secret, or commercial or financial information which is obtained
    from any person and which is privileged or confidential, within the
    meaning of section 46(f) of this title, before the date set for
    release of the document, bring an action in the district court of
    the United States for the district within which the documents are
    located or in the United States District Court for the District of
    Columbia to restrain disclosure of the document. Any person
    receiving such notification may file with the appropriate district
    court or court of appeals of the United States, as appropriate, an
    application for a stay of disclosure. The documents shall not be
    disclosed until the court has ruled on the application for a stay.
    (d) Particular disclosures allowed
      (1) The provisions of subsection (c) of this section shall not be
    construed to prohibit - 
        (A) the disclosure of information to either House of the
      Congress or to any committee or subcommittee of the Congress,
      except that the Commission immediately shall notify the owner or
      provider of any such information of a request for information
      designated as confidential by the owner or provider;
        (B) the disclosure of the results of any investigation or study
      carried out or prepared by the Commission, except that no
      information shall be identified nor shall information be
      disclosed in such a manner as to disclose a trade secret of any
      person supplying the trade secret, or to disclose any commercial
      or financial information which is obtained from any person and
      which is privileged or confidential;
        (C) the disclosure of relevant and material information in
      Commission adjudicative proceedings or in judicial proceedings to
      which the Commission is a party; or
        (D) the disclosure to a Federal agency of disaggregated
      information obtained in accordance with section 3512 (!1) of
      title 44, except that the recipient agency shall use such
      disaggregated information for economic, statistical, or
      policymaking purposes only, and shall not disclose such
      information in an individually identifiable form.

      (2) Any disclosure of relevant and material information in
    Commission adjudicative proceedings or in judicial proceedings to
    which the Commission is a party shall be governed by the rules of
    the Commission for adjudicative proceedings or by court rules or
    orders, except that the rules of the Commission shall not be
    amended in a manner inconsistent with the purposes of this section.
    (e) Effect on other statutory provisions limiting disclosure
      Nothing in this section shall supersede any statutory provision
    which expressly prohibits or limits particular disclosures by the
    Commission, or which authorizes disclosures to any other Federal
    agency.
    (f) Exemption from disclosure
      Any material which is received by the Commission in any
    investigation, a purpose of which is to determine whether any
    person may have violated any provision of the laws administered by
    the Commission, and which is provided pursuant to any compulsory
    process under this subchapter or which is provided voluntarily in
    place of such compulsory process shall be exempt from disclosure
    under section 552 of title 5.



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